Evaluation of the Role of River Platforms in Changing the Groundwater Table Levels in Eastern Guilan Province

Document Type : Research article - extracted from the dissertation

Authors

1 PhD student in Geomorphology, Physical Geography Department, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor of Geomorphology, Physical Geography Department, Earth Sciences FacultyShahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Geomorphology, Physical Geography Department, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

10.22124/gscaj.2024.23937.1220

Abstract

There is a close relationship between water tables and geomorphological landforms, particularly fluvial geomorphology. With the expansion of the relationship among the geomorphology in the majority of hydrogeomorphology theories, attention has been drawn to the various aspects of the role of landforms in groundwater potential. The development of this perspective has made it much easier to assess groundwater potential using geomorphological indicators. One of the most prominent landforms in plains, whose changes can affect the groundwater table, is the river pattern. In the present study, the morphological pattern, as well as the length, area, and height of 31 rivers in the central and eastern parts of Guilan Province, were analyzed, and their effects on the groundwater table were evaluated. Using Landsat 8 satellite imagery, the extent of alluvial fans and main rivers were determined, and the sinuosity index was calculated. The rivers were classified into four straight patterns, sinusoidal, meandering and severe meandering. Next, a groundwater map of the region was created, and by overlaying it with the river patterns, the influence of river morphology on changes in the groundwater table was investigated. The data was analyzed using hierarchical, parametric, and non-parametric statistical methods. The results showed that in separated spatial zones in terms of pattern changes, the greater sinuosity, longer river length, and larger areas influenced by rivers were associated with higher groundwater potential and shallower water tables. Additionally, statistical analyses revealed that the relationship between the river sinuosity index and groundwater depth was non-random, with the water table decreasing as the river pattern shifted from straight to highly meandering.

Highlights

-  Identifying the potential of groundwater resources in the coastal areas through the Geomorphological evidence of the region leads to saving and sustainable management of the groundwater resources in the coastal plains.

-   The separation of river patterns in the coastal areas of Guilan province in order to prioritize the management of groundwater resources creates an effective road map to control the quantitative and qualitative crises of these resources.

Keywords

Main Subjects

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