Pathology of sea-oriented development of Persian Gulf and Makran Sea with emphasis on external factors

Sea-oriented development is one of the concepts raised in the last few decades. In fact, it is a general concept that includes all seas and oceans. This concept is especially important for maritime countries and it is a shortcut to development for such countries. Iran is also one of the maritime countries, and the Persian Gulf and the Makrān Sea are among its most important maritime areas. According to the characteristics of Māhān's sea power theory, these areas have provided a very high capacity for Iran to become a potential sea power if possible. The main question of this research was about the external and international reasons for the lack of sea-oriented development in these areas. In this study, a descriptive-analytical method was used to analyze the development challenges of sea-oriented development in the Persian Gulf and the Makran Sea area, focusing on external factors. The importance of the Persian Gulf and the Makrān Sea from a strategic, economic and logistic point of view, especially in various areas of sea-oriented development, such as sea transportation, energy, marine raw materials and minerals, and maritime tourism, is very high. In addition to paying attention to the existing theoretical and practical capacities, the reasons for the lack of development of these areas also help to facilitate the sea-oriented development and understand the conditions. In general, the lack of sea-oriented development of these areas is due to the lack of investment, especially foreign investment. This, in turn, is caused by primary factors such as international and unilateral sanctions and joining the Financial Action Task Force and following its recommendations; and secondary factors such as Iran's permanent membership in the World Trade Organization and joining and strengthening international networks centered on the Persian Gulf and Makran Sea. The importance of removing the above obstacles is related to the entry of technologies into Iran. The import of new technologies, in turn, can facilitate sea-oriented development. The possibility of Iran's development through sea-oriented development, especially by relying on the Persian Gulf and the Makrān Sea, is more feasible and potential than other ways. Therefore, in order to eliminate these factors, it is necessary to resolve the regional and international disputes and reduce the level of tension in a way that is effective in the case of unilateral sanctions, Iran's membership in the World Trade Organization, and the strengthening of corridors centered on Iran. It is also very important to join the special financial action group and follow the 40 recommendations of this financing organization.