دانشگاه گیلانمطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی2783-11914120230321Assessing the effects of free trade-industrial zone on social justice in Chabahar cityسنجش اثرات منطقه آزاد تجاری - صنعتی بر عدالت اجتماعی در شهر چابهار116639510.22124/gscaj.2023.22203.1160FAعبدالمجیدمیهن خواهدانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران.0000-0002-8065-5984معصومهحافظ رضازادهاستادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران.0000-0003-3610-0516محمودرضاانوریاستادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران.0000-0002-7603-4413Journal Article19700101Free trade-industrial zones as a stimulus for economic development in many countries ultimately leads to the development and social welfare of the people of the region. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of free trade-industrial zone on the social justice in Chabahar city. The present analytical research was an applied research in terms of purpose and it was a survey research in terms of the method. Data collection was done in two ways: library studies and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population included residents of Chabahar (106739 people) from which 382 people were selected as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The questionnaires were distributed in the four districts of Chabahar city in terms of population ratio. Data were analyzed using (SPSS), (AMOS) and Combined Human Development Index (HDI). The results of the Spearman correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the free trade-industrial zone variable and the dimension social justice at 99% confidence level. The results of regression analysis showed that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social justice) is explained by the independent variable (free trade-industrial zone). Also, the results of the structural model of the research using AMOS software indicated that the relationships between social justice indicators are significant. Finally, the results of the Combined Human Development Index (HDI) showed that among the four districts of Chabahar city, the second district with a rate of (81.4) is in a semi-privileged condition; it is in a better condition than other districts.<br /> <br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Introduction </strong><br />The creation of free trade zones, special economic zones and throughout the export processing zones is one of the goals of regional and national planning, in order to increase and develop exports, create employment, attract the domestic investment, transfer technology, increase public income, etc. The implementation of such programs and the creation of such areas always requires consequences in the economic, political, social and cultural dimensions. Free trade-industrial zones as a driver of economic development in many countries ultimately lead to the development and social welfare of the people of the region. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to measure the effects of the free trade-industrial zone on social justice in the Chabahar city.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />The present analytical research was an applied research in terms of purpose and it was a survey research in terms of the method. Data collection was done in two ways: library studies and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population included residents of Chabahar (106739 people) from which 382 people were selected as the sample using the Cochran's formula. The questionnaires were distributed in the four districts of Chabahar city in terms of population ratio. The questionnaires were distributed in the four districts of Chabahar city in terms of population ratio. Data were analyzed using (SPSS), (AMOS) and Combined Human Development Index (HDI).<br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />The results of Spearman correlation test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the free trade-industrial zone variable and the dimension social justice at 99% confidence level. The results of regression analysis showed that 95% of the changes in the dependent variable (social justice) are explained by the independent variable (free trade-industrial zone). Also, the results of the structural model of the research using AMOS software indicated that the relationships between social justice indicators are significant. Finally, the results of the Combined Human Development Index (HDI) showed that among the four districts of Chabahar city, the second district with a rate of (81.4) is in a semi-privileged condition; it is in a better condition than other districts.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />Through generating income and increasing health facilities, increasing literacy and education, and creating suitable opportunities for employment and benefiting from housing facilities, Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone has provided a relatively moderate gap between the rich and the poor. But the social effects (such as justice) created in the port city of Chabahar, influenced by the free zone, have created different spatial effects in the city, which can be clearly seen in the city areas.<br /><strong>Funding</strong><strong> </strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong><br />All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work<br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><strong> </strong><br />We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.<strong>مناطق آزاد تجاری - صنعتی بهعنوان محرک توسعه اقتصادی در بسیاری از کشورها در نهایت منجر به توسعه و رفاه اجتماعی مردم منطقه می</strong><strong></strong><strong>شود</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر</strong><strong> سنجش اثرات منطقه آزاد تجاری - صنعتی بر عدالت اجتماعی در شهر چابهار</strong><strong> است. پژوهش تحلیلی حاضر به لحاظ هدف از جمله تحقیقات کاربردی بوده است و روش بررسی آن پیمایشی است. گردآوری اطلاعات به دو روش مطالعات کتابخانه ای و مطالعات میدانی (پرسشنامه) صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری</strong><strong> شامل ساکنان شهر چابهار (106739 نفر) که </strong><strong>حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران محاسبه و تعداد (382 نفر) انتخاب شد. در این پژوهش پرسشنامه ها نیز بر حسب تسهیم درصد در نواحی چهارگانه شهر چابهار بر حسب نسبت جمعیت توزیع گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزارهای </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>SPSS</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>AMOS</strong><strong>)</strong><strong> و شاخص ترکیبی توسعه انسانی </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>HDI</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، انجام شده است.</strong><strong> نتایج آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن نشان داد که بین متغیر منطقه آزاد تجاری- صنعتی، و بعد عدالت اجتماعی، رابطه مثبت و معنی داری در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد وجود دارد. نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون، به شیوة گام به گام نشان داد 95 درصد تغییرات متغیر وابسته (عدالت اجتماعی) به وسیله متغیر مستقل (منطقه آزاد تجاری- صنعتی)، تبیین می شود. همچنین نتایج مدل ساختاری تحقیق به کمک نرم افزار </strong><strong>AMOS</strong><strong> </strong><strong>حاکی از معنی دار بودن روابط بین شاخص های عدالت اجتماعی می باشد. در نهایت </strong><strong>نتایج شاخص ترکیبی توسعه انسانی </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>HDI</strong><strong>)</strong><strong> نشان داد در بین نواحی چهارگانه شهر چابهار، ناحیه دو با میزان برخورداری (81/4) در وضعیت نیمه برخوردار و نسبت به سایر نواحی وضعیت بهتری دارد. </strong>https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_6395_16ee97bd3a389801242a369dc6213000.pdfدانشگاه گیلانمطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی2783-11914120230321Presenting the Key Driving Forces for the Future of Smart City Governance (Case study: Rasht city)ارائه پیشرانهای کلیدی آینده حکمروایی شهری هوشمند (مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت)1740639610.22124/gscaj.2023.22422.1174FAنوشاهمقدمدانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.0000-0002-9686-7615کرامت الهزیاریاستاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.0000-0001-9135-4768حسینحاتمی نژاددانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.0000-0002-6896-7141احمدپوراحمداستاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.0000-0003-0224-5995سعیدزنگنه شهرکیدانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.0000-0003-1307-436xJournal Article20220621The continuous development of urban population and their growing needs, widespread urbanization in the developing countries, demographic changes, environmental challenges, economic problems, urban transportation problems, advances in information and communication technology, and bureaucracy have made the smart city formulation and smart city governance necessary. Regarding the city of Rasht, it can be said that this city has not been able to imagine the future of development and make progress in the field of smart urban governance. The present study aimed to investigate the key driving forces of smart governance with a futures research approach. The study was applied and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of method. Data collection is documentary and survey based on Delphi technique. The statistical population included all the urban specialists in Rasht. From which 45 people were selected as the sample using Rasco's rules through snowball sampling method. 8 components and 20 driving forces regarding smart urban governance were compiled and the questionnaire of interaction effects matrix (weight 0 to 3) was provided to the specialists. Finally, key driving forces were extracted using MicMac software. The results of the analysis indicated that the education of citizenship and raising the awareness, citizen participation and commitment of officials are among the first three driving forces of smart city governance in Rasht.<br /> <br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Introduction </strong><br />Cities have faced many problems, such as huge social, economic and environmental problems, due to the lack of efficient planning and management. Today, urban management has become one of the most important challenges of the 21st century and the concept of smart city has been proposed as a possible solution. In fact, for responding to urban problems, we can mention the smart city approach. The smart city has emerged as a political idea and a planning act at the forefront of global urban policy debates. It should be noted that although the concept of smart city has a high potential, the related urban governance challenges have prevented it. It can be said that the governance methods, methods and policies can lead to a smart and sustainable urban future.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />The study was applied and descriptive-analytical and exploratory in terms of method. It has investigated the key driving forces of smart governance in Rasht. In this regard, first, smart governance driving forces were extracted from different sources (8 components and 20 driving forces) and their validity was confirmed by specialists (45 people) using the Delphi method. Then, the cross-effects matrix questionnaire was provided to the experts. The weightening of this questionnaire is measured by pairwise comparisons and and the degree of correlation of variables with numbers between zero and three. The influence of the driving forces on each other was determined by the opinion of the elites and specialists, and the effective and influential, key and strategic driving forces were compiled.<br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />Using direct classification of variables, the key variables were identified according to their influence and mutual impressibility based on system logic and by the output of MikMac software. Among the influential variables (because they are the most influential driving forces), risk variables (because they have a high capacity to become key agents of the system) and regulatory variables (which can be converted into risk variables and secondary objectives) were the most important factors. Variables that have a net negative impact score were removed from the list of key factors. A total of 9 key variables were identified, and the variable of citizenship education and awareness gained the first rank.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />The results showed that the variables of citizenship education and awareness (effective variable) with a net impact score of 19 is in the first place, citizen participation in the implementation of smart technologies (impact variable) with a net score of 17, the commitment of city officials to implement smart urban projects (Influential variable) with a net impact score of 16, the organizational budget intended for intelligence (impact variable) with a net impact score of 16, access to information and communication technology (impact variable) with a net impact score of 15, access to open data (impact variable) with a net impact score of 11, private sector participation in investment in smart projects (impact variable) with a net score of 8 impact, municipal support Software and applications for establishing smart government (risk variable) with a net score of 8, establishing traffic security and protection of information and privacy (effective variable) with a net score of 4 were recognized as the key driving forces of smart governance in Rasht. In order to achieve smart governance in the city of Rasht, the desired drivers should be strengthened.<br /><strong>Funding</strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution</strong><br />All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.<br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.<strong>توسعه مستمر جمعیت شهری و نیازهای رو به افزایش آنها، شهرنشینی گسترده در کشورهای در حال توسعه، تغییرات جمعیتشناختی، چالشهای محیطزیستی، معضلات اقتصادی، معضلات حملو نقل شهری، پیشرفتهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات و بوروکراسی، </strong><strong>فرمولاسیون شهر هوشمند و حکمروایی شهری هوشمند را ضروری ساخته است. </strong><strong>در خصوص شهر رشت میتوان بیان نمود که شهر رشت نتوانسته آینده</strong><strong></strong><strong>های پیشروی توسعه را متصور شود و پیشرفتی در زمینه حکمروایی شهری هوشمند داشته باشد. لذا هدف این پژوهش واکاوی پیشرانهای کلیدی حکمروایی شهری هوشمند با رویکرد آیندهپژوهی است. پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و به لحاظ روش انجام توصیفی - تحلیلی و اکتشافی است. گردآوری داده</strong><strong></strong><strong>ها به روش اسنادی و نیز بهصورت پیمایشی مبتنی بر تکنیک دلفی می</strong><strong></strong><strong>باشد. جامعه آماری کلیه متخصصان شهری شهر رشت در زمینه تحقیق می</strong><strong></strong><strong>باشند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از قوانین راسکو، 45 نفر تعیین شد و شیوه نمون</strong><strong>هگیری</strong><strong> بهصورت گلولهبرفی می</strong><strong></strong><strong>باشد. </strong><strong>8 مؤلفه و 20 پیشران در خصوص حکمروایی شهری هوشمند تدوین شد و پرسشنامه ماتریس اثرات متقابل (وزن 0 تا 3) در اختیار متخصصان قرار گرفت و در نهایت با استفاده از نرمافزار میکمک پیشرانهای کلیدی استخراج شدند. </strong><strong>نتایج حاصل از تحلیل حاکی از آن است که آموزش شهروندی و آگاهیرسانی، مشارکت شهروندان و تعهد مسئولان جزء 3 پیشران اول حکمروایی شهری هوشمند شهر رشت محسوب میشوند.</strong>https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_6396_eee088cb90b4fc8d6a6f21ecd056d134.pdfدانشگاه گیلانمطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی2783-11914120230321Measuring the Comparative Advantage of Economic Activities in Guilān Province: The Approach of the Basic Economy Model and the Shift Share Modelسنجش مزیت نسبی فعالیتهای اقتصادی در استانگیلان: رهیافت مدل اقتصاد پایه و مدل تغییر سهم4156639710.22124/gscaj.2023.22267.1164FAزهراآذریدانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد شهری، گروه توسعه اقتصادی و برنامهریزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.0000000167779045زینببرادران خانیاندانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد شهری، گروه توسعه اقتصادی و برنامهریزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.0000000163437603حسیناصغرپوراستاد گروه علوم اقتصادی، گروه توسعه اقتصادی و برنامهریزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.0000000214408977Journal Article20220516Considering the limited available resources, in the field of regional economy, knowing the characteristics and economic advantages of each region provides the possibility of better planning in order to achieve development goals. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the comparative advantage of different economic sectors in Guilān province in 2014, 2016 and 2018, analyze the competitive advantage of sectors and determine the value added of sectors in Guilān province compared to the country during 2014-2016. For this purpose, the basic economy model and spatial coefficient index and shift share model were used. The results of the study showed that Guilān province in 2016 and 2018 has a relarive advantage in the agricultural sector and is in the field of economic activity and has a potential advantage for economic growth. Sectors related to agriculture, construction, wholesale, retail, vehicle and goods repair, food and shelter service activities, administrative and support services, public affairs and municipal services, and education have a competitive advantage and have undergone an upward trend in the years under study. The results of the share change model show that in the sector related to agriculture and service activities related to financial and insurance activities, Guilan province has the best performance in the country, but in the sector related to professional and scientific activities, the country has a better performance than Guilān province.<br /> <br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Introduction </strong><br />The study of regional economic structure is useful for explaining changes in regional economics, predicting the consequences of economic decisions, and future planning. The economy of a region mainly depends on the strength and weakness of various economic sectors in it, the dynamics of the industrial structure, and the unique regional factors. Although paying attention to macro policies in regional policies is accepted as a general principle, this does not mean that what is appropriate at the national level will be profitable for all regions. Therefore, ignoring the facilities, capabilities and comparative advantages of the region in the field of economic activities has caused investments not to be equivalent with the capacities of the regions. In this regard, the use of analytical models of spatial coefficients, shift share, data-output techniques, regional coefficients of the basic economy and ranking prioritization, provides the basis for examining the effect of different economic activities and their comparative evaluation to determine the opportunity and improving the performance of the regional economy structure. Guilān province is one of the northern provinces of Iran; despite having rich natural resources, climate diversity, abundant water, vast plains, young workforce, abundant tourism capabilities, in recent years, it has not been able to gain a proper share of the national economy in proportion to their capabilities and opportunities. Therefore, in the present study, we first sought to evaluate the comparative advantages in different economic sectors in Guilān province based on the LQ index (spatial coefficient); because recognizing the comparative advantage of a province in the field of economic activities is the most important link in the development process that provides the possibility of job creation. Then, through the shift share method, the value added situation of major sectors and groups of economic activities in Guilān province was analyzed compared to the country during the years 2014-2018.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />The present study was an applied research in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive research in terms of information analysis. The required statistical data was collected from the statistical yearbooks section of the Statistics Center of Iran using the library method. The statistical population of this study was Guilān province in 2014, 2016 and 2018. The measurement tools of the present study were the basic economy model and spatial coefficient index and the shift share model.<br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />In the studied years, except for the mining sectors, industry, electricity supply, steam and air conditioning, information and communication, service activities related to financial and insurance activities, professional and scientific activities, administrative activities and Support services, other departments are evaluated as basic. It is noteworthy that in the three years under study, there was no change in the basic or non-basic part of the department, so that if a part was evaluated as a non-basic part in 2014, the non-basic part was evaluated in 2018. The sectors of mining, industry, electricity supply, steam and air conditioning, information and communication, service activities related to financial and insurance activities and professional and scientific activities due to being non-basic in 2013 and 2017 have been evaluated as sectors without competitive advantage. Transportation, warehousing and post sectors and activities related to human health and social work have been evaluated as sectors with a fixed competitive advantage over time; because the value of spatial coefficient has been almost constant during the studied period. The results of the shift share model showed that the growth rate of the country's economy as a whole (A) is 1.04. The structure of the country's economic sectors (B) in different sectors of activity showed the rise of agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing sectors, industry, mining, electricity supply, service activities related to financial and insurance activities and professional and scientific activities. In the meantime, the sector related to electricity supply and financial and insurance activities has performed better. Also, in the analysis of the performance element of each sector in the province (C), service activities related to financial and insurance activities have the highest positive coefficient and real estate has the highest negative coefficient. It should be noted that in the sector related to agriculture and service activities related to financial and insurance activities, Guilān province performed better than the country, but in the sector related to professional and scientific activities, the country performed better than Guilān province.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />Therefore, it is necessary for the provincial authorities to emphasize the spatial organization and geographical distribution of population and activities in accordance with the development plans, according to the relative advantages of each region. They should adopt their strategies and policies by identifying the basic sectors and activities that have a relative advantage in such a way that the priority is to invest in the basic and main activities. So that the support policies are directed towards these activities in order to achieve the economic growth of the regions. Considering that Guilan province has a relative advantage in the sector related to agriculture, it is necessary for provincial officials to pay attention to this sector.<br /><strong>Funding</strong><strong> </strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong><br />All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work<br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><strong> </strong><br />We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.<strong>در مبحث اقتصاد منطقه ای، با توجه به محدودیت منابع موجود، شناخت ویژگی ها و مزیت های اقتصادی هر منطقه، امکان برنامهریزی بهتر را در جهت تحقق اهداف توسعه فراهم می نماید.<sub> </sub>از این رو، هدف مطالعة حاضر تحلیل وضعیت مزیت نسبی بخشهای مختلف اقتصادی استان گیلان در سالهای 1393، 1395 و 1397، تحلیل مزیت رقابتی بخش </strong><strong></strong><strong>ها و تعیین وضعیت ارزش ا</strong><strong>فز</strong><strong>ودة بخش ها در استان گیلان نسبت به کشور طی سال های 1397-1393 است. برای این منظور از مدل اقتصاد پایه و شاخص ضریب مکانی و مدل تغییر سهم استفاده می شود. نتایج مطالعه نشان میدهد که استان گیلان در سال های 1395 و 1397 در بخش کشاورزی دارای مزیت نسبی بوده و در حوزة فعالیت برنده اقتصادی قرار داشته و دارای مزیت بالقوه برای رشد اقتصادی است. بخش های مربوط به کشاورزی، ساختمان، عمده فروشی، خرده فروشی، تعمیر وسایل نقلیه و کالاها، فعالیت های خدماتی مربوط به تأمین جا و غذا، فعالیت های اداری و خدمات پشتیبانی، ادارة امور عمومی و خدمات شهری و آموزش دارای مزیت رقابتی بوده و روند رو به اعتلا را در سال های مورد مطالعه طی کرده اند. نتایج مدل تغییر سهم نشان میدهد که در بخش </strong><strong>مربوط به کشاورزی و فعالیت های خدماتی مربوط به فعالیت های مالی و بیمه استان گیلان نسبت به کشور عملکرد بهتری داشته اما در بخش مربوط به فعالیت های حرفه ای و علمی کشور نسبت به استان گیلان عملکرد بهتری را طی کرده است. </strong>https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_6397_bb98f264c17cb8f894f3db2f5c5d72c2.pdfدانشگاه گیلانمطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی2783-11914120230321Explaining the Hydropolitical Relations of the Kura-Aras Basin Countriesتبیین مناسبات هیدروپلیتیک کشورهای حوضه آبریز کورا- ارس5774639810.22124/gscaj.2023.21261.1133FAمراددلالتدکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.0000-0003-0231-177xمرادکاویانی راددانشیار گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.0000-0001-8329-8444فریدهمحمدعلی پوراستادیار گروه روابط بینالملل، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.0000-0003-3918-4997Journal Article20211207Over the past few decades, emerging environmental threats arising from population growth, the expansion of urbanization, and climate change has led to an increasing threat to water resources on a subnational to transnational scale. The threat to the survival of ecosystems and human societies due to water scarcity, especially in low rainfall areas, has played an effective role in strengthening the aspects of cooperation in hydropolitical relations. The relative power of the countries located in a common basin is one of the reasons of hydro-hegemony, and its most severe form occurs when the country upstream of the basin is the most powerful country or spatial political unit of the basin. The present study aimed at the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basins, the inputs of which were conducted using the foundation data method (Grounded Theory) and by conducting semi-structured interviews, and therefore, the question is what are the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basin? The results of 30 interviews showed that the most important factors influencing the hydropolitical relations of the countries of this basin are Turkey's dam constructions, river pollution by Armenia, the unclear legal regime of the Aras-Kura River, the economic development plans of the countries of the catchment, weakness management of water resources in the catchment basin and its consequences, threats to food security and agriculture, threats to human health, migration, drying up of the fertile plains of the region, especially Moghan due to pollution, destruction of Arsbaren forests, threats to Iran's national security in the north-west of the country, and the future conflict and tension among the countries of the catchment and the reduction of river water quality.<br /> <br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Introduction </strong><br />The Kura-Ares basin is located in the South Caucasus region between Iran, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. When the quantity of water does not keep up with the growing demand or its quality decreases, the competition between the actors who use the water intensifies. This situation shows its most destabilizing effect when the territory of a watershed crosses political borders. An issue that occurs in almost all basins in the Caucasus, including in the Kura-Ares basin. But experience has shown that in many situations, instead of starting a new conflict, common water needs have been able to create cooperation at an unexpected level. Therefore, the actors and political, economic and environmental actors of the Kura-Ares river basin in the South Caucasus are numerous, diverse and both regional and global. The main use of Kura-Ares water in Georgia is agriculture, agriculture and industry in Armenia, and the primary source of drinking water supply in the Republic of Azerbaijan. However, the water basin is excessively polluted. Considering the lack of monitoring of urban and industrial wastewater, agricultural return flows and excessive use of pesticides, especially in the Republic of Azerbaijan and oil-related industries, the extraction and melting of metals in Georgia and Armenia, the natural mechanism of this basin is facing serious challenges.<br />Therefore, due to the increasing harvest of Turkey and Armenia in the upstream parts of the river, the need for water resources will increase even more in the downstream countries. The aim of the current research is to explain and identify the type of hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras watershed, and therefore, the question is raised, what are the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras watershed?.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />This research tries to explore the problem of hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basin using the grounded theory. Grounded theory is a type of qualitative and inductive methodology that has been less used in hydropolitics studies so far, but it focuses more on the analysis process that can extract people's subjective perception of the existing situation based on systematic and coded analysis (from open and semi-structured questions). This theory includes three main steps, including open, central and selective coding, which is derived from the answers of experts and professionals to open questions in a semi-structured interview. The research population consisted of experts and scientific elites who specialize in the field of hydropolitics in general and more specifically in the field of hydropolitical relations of Aras River.<br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />Hydropolitical crises and the complexity of issues show the power of countries in the management of transboundary waters. In this case, an in-depth interview was conducted with 30 experts (geography, hydropolitics, water management, sociology, international relations, and water engineering, etc.). A number of important and fundamental codes has been found in the field of hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basin. 19 basic and conceptual categories (emigration, geographical and geopolitical location, population increase, environmental, climate change, agriculture and food security, international water rights, management, actors and activists, socio-cultural transformations, political crises, water shortage, industrialization and dam construction, water quality, government cooperation, water diplomacy, national security, health and health, hydro-hegemony) play an important role in the hydropolitics of Kura-Aras. Finally, 11 main and important categories that play an important role in the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basin included: geopolitics, water diplomacy, social, environment, infrastructure, security, agriculture, legal, climate change, power, water pollution. The hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Kura-Aras basin, where Turkey has built dams on the main branches of the Kura-Aras (Karakut Dam and Bishkek Dam). They were built or are being built, and the country of Armenia through copper mines, domestic sewage and power plants and the presence of the Zionist regime in water projects in the region, the lack of a legal regime will cause tension between the countries and in the not too distant future the situation of the Kora watershed. Aras will be a serious problem for the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />This basin is naturally located in Iran due to its border situation and Aras water supply and the location of a part of this basin inside the Iranian soil. Moreover, considering the existence of a common border with Russia and the membership of three coastal countries in the European Union, it is placed in the sphere of influence and interest of great powers and international organizations. They have to cooperate with each other to exploit common water resources. The limitation of governments in obtaining their rights for non-shipping uses of international shared water resources has always been the cause of differences between upstream and downstream governments. In this research, the hydropolitical relations of the countries of the Aras-Kura basin have been investigated. The results of analysis and based on the theoretical model of hydropolitical relations, some important issues include: Turkish dams, river pollution by Armenia, the lack of determination of the legal regime of Aras-Kura River, the economic development plans of the countries of the basin, the lack of proper management of the water resources of the basin, the severe lack of water resources in the fertile plains of northwest Iran, the increase in the population of the countries of the basin, the excessive extraction of Aras by Armenia and Turkey, climate change, the geopolitical crisis of the Caucasus, the historical enmity of Armenians with the Turks, the separatism of Georgia, the lack of dredging of the river, the morphological changes of the river, the conflict of the countries of the basin, not having any common agreement in this basin and the expansion of industries.<br /><strong>Funding</strong><br />Iran national science foundation.<br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution</strong><br />Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.<br /><strong>Conflict of Interest</strong><br />The authors report no conflicts of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />I would like to express my gratitude to Kharazmi University of Tehran, the support of Iran national science foundation.<strong>طی چند دهه گذشته، تهدیدهای نوپدید زیستمحیطی برخاسته از رشد جمعیت، گسترش شهرنشینی و دگرگونی آبو هوایی به تهدید فزاینده منابع آبی در مقیاس فروملی تا فراملی انجامیده است. تهدید بقای زیست </strong><strong>بوم </strong><strong>ها</strong><strong> و جوامع انسانی به علت کمآبی بهویژه در مناطق کمبارش در تقویت وجوه تعاملات همکاری در مناسبات هیدروپلیتیک نقش مؤثری داشته است. قدرت نسبی کشورهای واقع در یک حوضه مشترک از عوامل بروز هیدروهژمونی است و شدیدترین شکل آن زمانی رخ میدهد که کشور بالادست حوضه قدرتمندترین کشور یا واحد سیاسی فضایی حوضه باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین و شناسایی نوع مناسبات هیدروپلیتیک کشورهای حوضه آبریز کورا - ارس است. پژوهش حاضر بر آن است تا مناسبات هیدروپلیتیک کشورهای حوضه آبریز کورا - ارس که دروندادهای آن به روش داده بنیاد (گرندد تئوری) و با انجام مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته انجامشده است و بنابراین، این پرسش مطرح میشود که مناسبات هیدروپلیتیک کشورهای حوضه آبریز کورا - ارس چگونه میباشد؟. نتایج پژوهش بر پایه 30 مصاحبه استخراج شده است. یافتههای تحقیق گویای آن است که مهمترین عوامل مؤثر در مناسبات هیدروپلیتیک کشورهای این حوضه سدسازیهای ترکیه، آلودگی رودخانه توسط ارمنستان، مشخص نبودن رژیم حقوقی رودخانه ارس-کورا، طرحهای توسعه اقتصادی کشورهای حوضه آبریز، ضعف مدیریت منابع آب حوضه آبریز و پیامدهای آن تهدید امنیت غذایی و کشاورزی، تهدید سلامتی انسانها، مهاجرت، خشکیدن دشت های حاصلخیز منطقه بهویژه مغان به خاطر آلودگی، نابودی جنگلهای ارسبارن، تهدید امنیت ملی ایران در شمال باختری کشور و کشمکش و تنش در آینده بین کشورهای حوضه آبریز و کاهش کیفیت آب رودخانه است.</strong>https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_6398_207e5949a530448f6aca097c6f7fcffa.pdfدانشگاه گیلانمطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی2783-11914120230321Developing Policy Scenarios of Sustainable Urban Development through Scenario-based Planning (Case Study: Mahshahr Port City)تدوین سناریوهای توسعهپایدار شهری بر پایه برنامهریزی سناریومبنا (مطالعه موردی: شهر بندری ماهشهر)7590639910.22124/gscaj.2023.21561.1148FAکامرانرئیس قنواتیدانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، واحد آیتالله آملی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آمل، ایران.0009-0000-2560-6410علیشمس الدینیاستادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.0000-0001-9757-4331علی اکبرحیدریاستادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران.0000-0002-2188-1850Journal Article20220122Achieving sustainable urban development depends on a successful principled approach to the management of human and natural resources. By explaining the future of each of the key drivers, scenario-based planning is considered as one of the key ways to achieve and succeed in sustainable urban development. It prepares the managers and officials for the upcoming challenges. This study aimed to develop sustainable development scenarios for Mahshahr port city in accordance with scenario planning. This current research was based on a futurology approach, analytical methods, and exploratory science to guide its purpose and nature. Documentary and library studies have been conducted to collect the required data and information, as well as using questionnaires and Delphi techniques. The MicMac and ScenarioWizard software were used to analyze the collected data. According to the preliminary findings of the research, out of 35 major factors affecting the sustainable development of Mahshahr port city, eight major variables were found, such as (Domestic tourism development (V4), urban development plans (V19), efficient local management (V21), efficient macro management (V23), education (V24), communication network (V28), security (V30), and geographic location of Mahshahr port (V33) all contribute to the sustainable development of Mahshahr port city.) Mahshahr port city is effectively developed through sustainable means. As a result of the circumstances ahead of these eight key drivers, 26 scenarios have been developed for the future of sustainable urban development in Mahshahr, which can be placed in three groups (optimal scenarios, static scenarios, and critical scenarios). According to the findings of the study, the port city of Mahshahr has unique natural and human potentials that provide an opportunity for its sustainable urban development. It is however important to note that different drivers play different roles in helping to provide sustainable public infrastructure of this city in the future, and the type of planning and how it is implemented can result in success in sustainable urban development and achieve the most desirable scenario, or on the contrary, this path can face many challenges and the most critical scenario possible can happen.<br /> <br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Introduction </strong><br />As one of the country's major ports, Mahshahr has an important position and strategic significance among various urban spaces. By presenting scenarios for the future development of this strategic port in our country along with an explanation of current factors influencing its development, a suitable background and cognitive context for this city's future development can be provided. It is possible to accelerate sustainable development when key drivers and favorable scenarios of Mahshahr are identified, as well as utilizing its potential, by identifying and strengthening key factors. Otherwise, Mahshahr's development process will suffer from marginal development, environmental issues, and increased migration due to the destruction of sustainable development opportunities. A key objective of the study is to answer the following question: What are the possible development scenarios for Mahshahr port city based on scenario-based planning?.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />As one of the country's major ports, Mahshahr has an important position and strategic significance among various urban spaces. By presenting scenarios for the future development of this strategic port in our country along with an explanation of current factors influencing its development, a suitable background and cognitive context for this city's future development can be provided. It is possible to accelerate sustainable development when key drivers and favorable scenarios of Mahshahr are identified, as well as utilizing its potential, by identifying and strengthening key factors. Otherwise, Mahshahr's development process will suffer from marginal development, environmental issues, and increased migration due to the destruction of sustainable development opportunities. A key objective of the study is to answer the following question: What are the possible development scenarios for Mahshahr port city based on scenario-based planning?.<br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />Among the 35 main factors contributing to Mahshahr port city's sustainable development, eight key variables have the greatest influence, including: As shown in Figure (2), these variables have the most and least impact on the future of sustainable development of Mahshahr port city, which includes factors such as domestic tourism development (V4), urban development plans (V19), a highly efficient local management system (V21), a highly efficient macro management system (V23), education (V24), communication network (V28), security (V30), and the geographic location of Mahshahr port (V33).<br />With an emphasis on the key drivers affecting the sustainable development of Mahshahr in each scenario coupled with their similarities, 26 scenarios can generally be classified into three categories (desirable, static and critical):<br /><strong>The first group: favorable scenarios, the realization of sustainable urban development in Mahshahr</strong><br />These scenarios possess the best combination of key drivers. This group consists of the first, second, and sixth scenarios, in the first scenario, all propulsors are in the desired position, but in the second scenario, the local management is effective and they are in good condition.<br /><strong>The second group: static scenarios, gradual trend and continuation of the current situation of sustainable urban development in Mahshahr</strong><br />This group includes 10 scenarios (3, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19 and 21). There are no critical propulsors in the scenarios of this group, and most propulsors are in the static state.<br /><strong>Third group: critical scenarios, failure to achieve sustainable urban development in Mahshahr</strong><br />The scenarios of this group included thirteen scenarios of numbers propellant (4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26). In each of the thirteen scenarios in this group there is at least one critical propellant. Over 30% of the scenarios in this group have inefficient local management, showing the importance of efficient management at the local level.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />One of the most important aspects of spatial development planning is the sustainable urban development approach to enhance the quality of life of citizens and meet the needs of future citizens, which was initially focused on environmental dimensions but is now also addressing socio-cultural and economic factors. The goal of sustainable urban development is a comprehensive procedure that considers all economic, socio-cultural, and environmental factors. In order to achieve a sustainable urban development in the future, it is essential to identify the key drivers for each of the dimensions of sustainable development, as well as their impact and effectiveness. Human and natural resources must be utilized effectively by principled planners for the sustainable urban development. The idea of scenario-based planning is considered as one of the most effective ways to achieve and succeed in sustainable urban development, since it explains where each of the key drivers will go in the future so that managers and officials are prepared for the upcoming challenges. In Mahshahr port city, there are natural and human potentials that are effective in providing sustainable development infrastructure, but the type of planning and the way in which it is achieved can have different outcomes. It is considered that the scenario number one is the most desirable scenario of sustainable urban development in Mahshahr, since it provides the groundwork for growth and promotion of all key drivers based on their impact on one another. As an example, drivers (management efficiency at the local and macro levels) are two key drivers that could be managed and planned by improving these two drivers, which would create the conditions for sustainable urban development, according to the potential of Mahshahr's port city, and on the other hand, if efficient management at the local and macro levels is not used, we can expect the destruction of the potentials of this port city in the near future.<br /><strong>Funding</strong><strong> </strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution </strong><br />Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.<br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><strong> </strong><br />We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.<strong>دستیابی به توسعهپایدار شهری به میزان موفقیت در برنامه ریزی </strong><strong>های اصولی در بهره گیری از منابع انسانی و طبیعی وابسته است. برنامهریزی سناریومبنا بهعنوان یکی از راه های دستیابی و موفقیت در توسعهپایدار شهری مطرح است؛ چرا که با تبیین آینده های هر کدام از پیشران های کلیدی، مدیران و مسئولین مربوطه را برای بحران های پیشرو آماده مینماید. هدف پژوهش حاضر تدوین سناریوهای توسعهپایدار شهر بندری ماهشهر بر پایه برنامه ریزی سناریومبنا میباشد. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش بر اساس روش های جدید علم آینده پژوهی، تحلیلی و اکتشافی است. جهت گردآوری داده ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از پرسشنامه و تکنیک دلفی و مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه ای بهره گیری شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده های جمع آوری شده از نرمافزارهای </strong><strong>MicMac</strong><strong> و </strong><strong>ScenarioWizard</strong><strong> بهره گیری استفاده شده است. یافته های پژوهش در مرحله اول بیانگر آن است که از میان 35 عامل اصلی تأثیرگذار بر توسعهپایدار شهر بندری ماهشهر، در مجموع 8 متغیر کلیدی شامل (توسعه گردشگری داخلی </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V4</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، طرح ها و برنامه های توسعه شهری </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V19</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، مدیریت کارآمد محلی </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V21</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، مدیریت کارآمد کلان </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V23</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، آموزش </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V24</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، شبکه ارتباطی </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V28</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، امنیت </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V30</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>، موقعیت جغرافیایی بندر ماهشهر </strong><strong>(</strong><strong>V33</strong><strong>)</strong><strong>" بر توسعه پایدار شهر بندری ماهشهر تأثیرگذار می باشند) در وضعیت توسعهپایدار شهر بندری ماهشهر تأثیرگذارند و بر اساس وضعیت های پیش و روی این هشت پیشران کلیدی در مجموع 26 سناریو برای آینده توسعهپایدار شهری ماهشهر بهدست آمده است که با توجه به ویژگی های هر کدام از سناریوها، در سه گروه (سناریوهای مطلوب، سناریوهای ایستا و سناریوهای بحرانی) قرار گرفته اند. نتایج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که شهر بندری ماهشهر دارای پتانسیل های طبیعی و انسانی منحصربه فردی است که زمینههای دستیابی به توسعهپایدار شهری برای آن فراهم است اما پیشران های متفاوتی در فراهم نمودن زیرساخت های توسعه پایدار این شهر در آینده تأثیرگذارند که نوع برنامه ریزی و راه های دستیابی به آن میتواند مسیر موفقیت در دستیابی به توسعهپایدار شهری و دستیابی به مطلوب ترین سناریو را هموار نماید و یا بالعکس این مسیر را با چالش های بسیار روبرو نماید و بحرانی ترین سناریوی ممکن اتفاق بیفتد.</strong>https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_6399_3099cd1998a90c7fe047405a5a5c1ad0.pdfدانشگاه گیلانمطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی2783-11914120230321Explaining the Model of Good Governance of Sustainable Urban Food Systemsتبیین الگوی حکمروایی خوب سیستمهای غذای پایدار شهری91113640010.22124/gscaj.2023.22592.1180FAیاسرقلی پوردانشجوی دکتری برنامهریزی شهری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.0000-0002-5356-0488محسناحدنژاد روشتیدانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.0000-0002-3979-5766ابوالفضلمشکینیدانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.0000-0002-3071-275XJournal Article20220707The concept of food systems as a guiding framework for strategic thinking towards achieving diverse, safe and nutritious food for all has been considered in the process of food policies. Food systems include all actors and activities through global value chains, including input supply, production, processing, distribution, retail, wholesale, food preparation and consumption, along with their effects on the environment, health, and society. The present research was a qualitative research based on the findings of Delphi group interviews. 25 experts were selected as the sample group. Findings showed that the indicators of good governance that were extracted from the research process included participation, legality, accountability, transparency, resilience and flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness, justice, consensual orientation, foresight and responsibility. Themes related to the good governance of sustainable urban food systems were obtained in four dimensions of institutional sustainability, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. Therefore, the combination of good governance indicators and themes of sustainability of urban food systems, would lead to consequences such as sustainable food security, environmental issues (the erosion of soil, etc.), nutrition and health, economic affairs (efficiency, etc.), and social affairs (equality, etc.). Results showed that without the application of good governance in the management of food systems, the establishment of food justice, equality and realize the right to food, and policy makers at the global, national and local levels would face many challenges. Also, governance with a high level of flexibility and resilience is the most efficient management method that can manage global food systems.<br /> <br /><strong>Extended Abstract</strong><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Introduction </strong><br />Throughout history, food and the city have had a mutual relationship. Food has shaped cities and influenced location, design, economics, and politics, and cities' ability to secure food availability has determined their location. Currently, the world is facing historic challenges related to food, nutrition, agriculture and environment. After making significant strides toward reducing hunger in the past decades, global progress has slowed down and, in some cases, it has been reversed. Unequal access to nutritious food, high rates of malnutrition, including overweight/obesity and related health problems (e.g. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension), unequal presence of infrastructure related to the food system, including markets and storage systems are only some partial problems facing sustainable food in the world. Failure to address the challenges of urban food insecurity, rising food prices and low incomes would have serious unintended consequences for the Global South and undermine efforts to achieve a sustainable urban future. Also, food policy and governance are currently disrupted despite its important role in improving food security and public nutrition in many local and national contexts. More than ever, policymakers need to understand the usefulness of a comprehensive and systemic approach in designing food policies, as well as recognizing the benefits of exchanges and maximizing synergies. In the past decade, scientists and policymakers have called for the development of new governance for food systems to address the global challenges of food security, environmental change, and poverty reduction. One of the main drivers of this call was the global food price crises of 2007/2008 and 2010, which prompted researchers and policy makers to reflect on the deeper and more structural causes of the crisis. In the meantime, the global consensus is that the global food governance system is facing serious challenges and its consequences are the increase of the hungry and the poor all over the world. Therefore, many are calling for fundamental changes in food systems to reduce climate change and improve the level of food security, food safety, environmental sustainability and equality. So that many researchers have emphasized the transition towards new food management in the world.<br /><strong>Methodology</strong><br />In terms of the work process, the current research was in the category of qualitative research and is based on the findings of the Delphi group interviews. The experts were asked to answer the open research questions. The purpose of creating the expert panel was to select experts with reliable knowledge about good governance and sustainable urban food systems and with different perspectives. After each expert agreed to participate in the study, a detailed description of the project was sent to them via email or WhatsApp along with the research topic and possible questions. The experts were allowed to use the questions that they think would help the research process and solve the research problem, then they sent their answers to the researcher. The number of experts for this research was 25 people. The Delphi method has some weaknesses, including dependence on the careful selection of expert participants, long time required for survey procedures, participant attrition, inability to easily handle inconsistency, and limited interaction among participants (Keeney et al., 2010), researchers tried to control these weaknesses to a large extent. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. The criterion for choosing experts was their availability, expertise and having enough time to complete the Delphi process. At the end of each session, all notes were collected, as collecting research data immediately after the discussion helps to accurately link statements to the specific individual identifiers within each group. Data analysis was done using the Maxqda 2020 software.<br /><strong>Results and discussion</strong><br />The results have considered the four dimensions of sustainability (institutional, economic, social and environmental) for urban food systems. As the findings showed, good governance indicators of participation, legality, accountability, transparency, resilience and flexibility, efficiency and effectiveness, justice, consensual orientation, foresight and responsibility increase and guarantee the process of achieving the sustainability of urban food systems. In addition to meeting the needs of the current generation about food and food security, these indicators, as independent variables do not reduce the power of the future generation in meeting the needs of food and, put it in line with sustainable urban development.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong><br />A sustainable food system contributes to food security and nutrition. In such a way that the economic, social, cultural and environmental foundations are maintained to create food security and nutrition for future generations. That is a sustainable food system must guarantee access to healthy and nutritious food for all human beings. Also, introduce sustainable consumption patterns and put nature-oriented production at the forefront. This food system must be resilient against shocks. So that it shows its flexibility against global environmental changes and guarantees the improvement of human livelihood. This requires the application of good governance principles in the management of urban food systems. The research literature acknowledges that paying attention to urban food systems and urban food security has been neglected, and global food production is more dependent on rural places, and therefore attention has been paid to rural management. Therefore, the governance of urban food systems should be further analyzed and cities should not be considered passive about the food production and management. Thus, the goal of a sustainable urban food system should be to end hunger and achieve healthy diets for all. The required food should be affordable and accessible to all parts of the society. To achieve this goal, a balance must be created between the sustainable use of natural resources and reducing the effects of climate change. Also, in order to eliminate poverty and increase income and wealth, changing food systems must ensure that low-income people could access a healthy diet through the possibility of a living wage.<br /><strong>Funding</strong><strong> </strong><br />There is no funding support.<br /><strong>Authors’ Contribution</strong><br />All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work<br /><strong>Conflict of Interest </strong><br />Authors declared no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />We are grateful to all the persons for scientific consulting in this paper.<strong>مفهوم سیستم</strong><strong></strong><strong>های غذایی بهعنوان چارچوبی راهنما برای تفکر استراتژیک به سمت دستیابی به غذای متنوع، ایمن و مغذی برای همه، در فرایند سیاست</strong><strong></strong><strong>های غذایی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. سیستمهای غذایی شامل تمامی بازیگران و فعالیتها در طول زنجیرههای ارزش جهانی، از جمله عرضة نهادهها، تولید، فرآوری، توزیع، خردهفروشی، عمدهفروشی، تهیة غذا و مصرف مواد غذایی، همراه با تأثیرات آنها بر محیطزیست، سلامت و جامعه است. تحقیق حاضر در زمرهی تحقیقات کیفی قرار دارد و مبتنی بر یافتههای حاصل از مصاحبههای گروه دلفی است. تعداد کارشناسان 25 نفر انتخاب شدند. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهد شاخص های حکمروایی خوب که از فرآیند تحقیق استخراج شدند، شامل مشارکت، قانونمندی، پاسخگویی، شفافیت، تابآوری و انعطافپذیری، کارایی و اثربخشی، عدالت، جهتگیری توافقی، آیندهنگری و مسئولیتپذیری بوده است. مضامین مرتبط با حکمروایی خوب سیستمهای غذای پایدار شهری در چهار بعد پایداری نهادی، پایداری زیستمحیطی، پایداری اقتصادی و پایداری اجتماعی به دست آمد. بنابراین ترکیب شاخصهای حکمروایی خوب و مضامین پایداری سیستمهای غذای شهری، پیامدهایی مانند امنیت غذایی پایدار، مباحثی مانند امور زیستمحیطی (فرسایش خاک و ...)؛ تغذیه و سلامت؛ امور اقتصادی(کارآیی و ...) و امور اجتماعی(برابری و ...) را در پی خواهد داشت. نتیجة تحقیق آن است که بدون کاربست حکمروایی خوب در مدیریت سیستمهای غذایی، امکان برقراری عدالت و برابری غذایی و تحقق حق بر غذا وجود نخواهد داشت و سیاستگذاران در سطح جهانی، ملی و محلی با چالشهای زیادی روبهرو خواهند شد. همچنین حکمروایی با سطح انعطافپذیری و تابآوری بالا، کارآمدترین شیوة مدیریتی است که سیستمهای غذای جهانی را میتواند اداره کند.</strong>https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_6400_ab45b7fd9ba47fd27ca8af72de63a885.pdf