University of Guilan Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal 2783-1191 6 4 2025 12 22 Physical Characteristics of Historical Houses in the City of Rasht Physical Characteristics of Historical Houses in the City of Rasht 1 20 9279 10.22124/gscaj.2025.28720.1328 FA Hamed Mohammadi Khoshbin Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Art, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Alireza Anisi Associate Professor, Faculty member of research institute of cultural heritage and tourism, Tehran, Iran. Alireza Gholinejad Pirbazari Assistant Professor, Faculty member of research institute of cultural heritage and tourism, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2024 10 31 In today's extensive constructions, historical buildings are regarded as an obstacle to development and growth, not as a strength and focal point in urban fabrics. This attitude has led to the destruction of many valuable historical structures and the transformation of city’s historical fabrics. The study of historical buildings can provide an opportunity to introduce the historic architectural values in addition to identifying the characteristics and patterns of this architecture. Using the historical architecture’s characteristics in design of contemporary buildings can lead to the continuity and harmony between the city and architecture. As the first and most important urban use, the house has an important place in historical buildings. This research sought to identify the physical characteristics of historical houses in the city of Rasht. In order to achieve the research objective, in the first section, the research concepts such as physical characteristics in architectural buildings and historical houses were explained by descriptive-analytical method. In the second section, the characteristics and elements introduced in the first section were studied and analyzed in the historical houses of Rasht as a case study. The findings of the research showed that the historical houses of Rasht have specific physical characteristics in their overall form and external facades. These buildings have characteristic elements such as entrances, windows, openings in the external and internal facades, which appear in different ways with varied functions. Semi-open spaces, in addition to their diverse functional and climatic roles, also act as a visual quality influencing the proportions and organization of other facade elements. Along with the variety of surfaces, the physical components of the facades and decorative ornaments have together created a visual richness in the façades of the historical houses of Rasht. In today's extensive constructions, historical buildings are regarded as an obstacle to development and growth, not as a strength and focal point in urban fabrics. This attitude has led to the destruction of many valuable historical structures and the transformation of city’s historical fabrics. The study of historical buildings can provide an opportunity to introduce the historic architectural values in addition to identifying the characteristics and patterns of this architecture. Using the historical architecture’s characteristics in design of contemporary buildings can lead to the continuity and harmony between the city and architecture. As the first and most important urban use, the house has an important place in historical buildings. This research sought to identify the physical characteristics of historical houses in the city of Rasht. In order to achieve the research objective, in the first section, the research concepts such as physical characteristics in architectural buildings and historical houses were explained by descriptive-analytical method. In the second section, the characteristics and elements introduced in the first section were studied and analyzed in the historical houses of Rasht as a case study. The findings of the research showed that the historical houses of Rasht have specific physical characteristics in their overall form and external facades. These buildings have characteristic elements such as entrances, windows, openings in the external and internal facades, which appear in different ways with varied functions. Semi-open spaces, in addition to their diverse functional and climatic roles, also act as a visual quality influencing the proportions and organization of other facade elements. Along with the variety of surfaces, the physical components of the facades and decorative ornaments have together created a visual richness in the façades of the historical houses of Rasht.

https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_9279_17a371fb311b7a2119fa8423ac593741.pdf

University of Guilan Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal 2783-1191 6 4 2025 12 22 Designing a Tourism Ethics Model in Guilan Province with an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach Designing a Tourism Ethics Model in Guilan Province with an Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach 21 40 9280 10.22124/gscaj.2025.29555.1340 FA Ardalān Sādegh Hasani Ph.D. Student in Marketing Management, Department of business Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Narges Del Afrooz Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Ali Gholipour Soleimāni Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Kāmbiz Shāhroudi Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran. Journal Article 2025 01 15 Tourism, as one of the industries that significantly influences the economic and social development of regions, requires attention to ethical principles and social responsibilities. In Given the unique natural and cultural attractions of Gilan Province, designing tourism ethics models is essential. The main issue addressed in this study is the lack of clear and practical models of tourism ethics in the region, which can lead to social and environmental harm. The aim was to design a tourism ethics model in Guilan Province using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of methodology. A purposive judgmental sampling method was used to determine the sample size, and 12 experts participated in the study. Based on a review of theoretical foundations and expert validation, six components were identified for model development. Based on the review of theoretical foundations and expert validation, six components were identified for model development. The results showed that the components influencing ethical behavior in tourism, are as follows: “social responsibility of the tourism destination” as the most important component; “host community values” and “business ethics” in second priority; “ethical behavior of the tourist” in third; “tourism management and policies” in fourth; and “ethics-oriented tourism” in fifth. This study demonstrated that attention to ethical principles in tourism can improve the quality of tourists’ experiences and contribute to the sustainable development of tourist destinations. By identifying the key components, effective strategies can be proposed to enhance awareness and responsibility in the tourism industry. Tourism, as one of the industries that significantly influences the economic and social development of regions, requires attention to ethical principles and social responsibilities. In Given the unique natural and cultural attractions of Gilan Province, designing tourism ethics models is essential. The main issue addressed in this study is the lack of clear and practical models of tourism ethics in the region, which can lead to social and environmental harm. The aim was to design a tourism ethics model in Guilan Province using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of methodology. A purposive judgmental sampling method was used to determine the sample size, and 12 experts participated in the study. Based on a review of theoretical foundations and expert validation, six components were identified for model development. Based on the review of theoretical foundations and expert validation, six components were identified for model development. The results showed that the components influencing ethical behavior in tourism, are as follows: “social responsibility of the tourism destination” as the most important component; “host community values” and “business ethics” in second priority; “ethical behavior of the tourist” in third; “tourism management and policies” in fourth; and “ethics-oriented tourism” in fifth. This study demonstrated that attention to ethical principles in tourism can improve the quality of tourists’ experiences and contribute to the sustainable development of tourist destinations. By identifying the key components, effective strategies can be proposed to enhance awareness and responsibility in the tourism industry.

https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_9280_376002f641fbcdbaa1aea1688c8db336.pdf

University of Guilan Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal 2783-1191 6 4 2025 12 22 Analysis of Challenges in Land Use Changes in Coastal Cities Using Satellite Imagery and Classification Algorithms (Case Study: Kangan County) Analysis of Challenges in Land Use Changes in Coastal Cities Using Satellite Imagery and Classification Algorithms (Case Study: Kangan County) 41 56 9281 10.22124/gscaj.2025.29694.1343 FA Bābak Ejtemāei Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 01 28 Coastal cities, due to their vulnerability to climate change, urbanization pressures, and socio-economic transformations, increasingly require analysis of land use changes. The main objective of this research is to analyze land use changes in Kangān County in the years 2000 and 2021 and predict the trend of changes for the year 2040, followed by estimating the level of water pollution. Data collection involved the use of Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2 satellite images for the years 2000 and 2021 through the Google Earth Engine platform, and the prediction of land use for 2040 was conducted using the Markov Chain model. The findings indicate that urban and industrial areas have experienced significant growth during this period, and this trend is expected to continue until 2040. Additionally, the relationship between land use changes and water pollution is clearly observed. The increase in SPM (suspended particulate matter) levels in water resources from 22 mg/L in 2000 to 1515 mg/L in 2021 highlights the impact of human and industrial activities on water quality. The expansion of petrochemical industries, port activities, and the discharge of urban wastewater into water resources are among the main factors contributing to this pollution. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that achieving sustainable development in Kangān County requires establishing an appropriate balance between economic development and environmental conservation Coastal cities, due to their vulnerability to climate change, urbanization pressures, and socio-economic transformations, increasingly require analysis of land use changes. The main objective of this research is to analyze land use changes in Kangān County in the years 2000 and 2021 and predict the trend of changes for the year 2040, followed by estimating the level of water pollution. Data collection involved the use of Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2 satellite images for the years 2000 and 2021 through the Google Earth Engine platform, and the prediction of land use for 2040 was conducted using the Markov Chain model. The findings indicate that urban and industrial areas have experienced significant growth during this period, and this trend is expected to continue until 2040. Additionally, the relationship between land use changes and water pollution is clearly observed. The increase in SPM (suspended particulate matter) levels in water resources from 22 mg/L in 2000 to 1515 mg/L in 2021 highlights the impact of human and industrial activities on water quality. The expansion of petrochemical industries, port activities, and the discharge of urban wastewater into water resources are among the main factors contributing to this pollution. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that achieving sustainable development in Kangān County requires establishing an appropriate balance between economic development and environmental conservation

https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_9281_822ca61a7cff77b83f85aefac29c9ac3.pdf

University of Guilan Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal 2783-1191 6 4 2025 12 22 The Impact of Tourists' Experience on Loyalty to a Tourism Destination (Case Study: The Border City of Astara) The Impact of Tourists' Experience on Loyalty to a Tourism Destination (Case Study: The Border City of Astara) 57 77 9282 10.22124/gscaj.2025.30650.1358 FA Mohammad Alizādeh Assistant Professor, Department of Iranian Studies, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Faculty of Iranian Studies, Rafsanjan, Iran. Samā Tahmāsb Ali M.A. Student, Department of Tourism, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. Rezā Gol Maleki Master in Public Administration, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. Saeideh Esmāeili Assistant Professor, Department of Tourism Policy and Development, Faculty of Tourism, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 06 15 The growth of tourism has been so significant that it has become a dominant global industry and has considerably influenced national economies. The impact of destination image, motivation, and satisfaction on tourist loyalty has been highlighted in various studies. In recent years, nature-based tourism has become highly popular, particularly in destinations with coastlines and those located in border areas. One of these destinations is the border city of Astara. This study examined how visitors’ perceptions of coastal areas influence their behavioral intentions in Astara. From a methodological perspective, this research was descriptive–analytical studies, and in terms of purpose, it was applied in nature. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, a sample of 385 tourists was selected, and data were gathered through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Smart PLS software. The findings revealed that the moderating role of experience on motivation, satisfaction, and destination image was not confirmed. Furthermore, the hypotheses regarding the influence of tourist motivation on satisfaction and loyalty were rejected. Furthermore, the impact of tourist experience on loyalty was not supported. However, the other research hypotheses were confirmed. Based on these results, the study provides actionable recommendations to enhance tourist experiences and promote loyalty in coastal destinations. The growth of tourism has been so significant that it has become a dominant global industry and has considerably influenced national economies. The impact of destination image, motivation, and satisfaction on tourist loyalty has been highlighted in various studies. In recent years, nature-based tourism has become highly popular, particularly in destinations with coastlines and those located in border areas. One of these destinations is the border city of Astara. This study examined how visitors’ perceptions of coastal areas influence their behavioral intentions in Astara. From a methodological perspective, this research was descriptive–analytical studies, and in terms of purpose, it was applied in nature. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, a sample of 385 tourists was selected, and data were gathered through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Smart PLS software. The findings revealed that the moderating role of experience on motivation, satisfaction, and destination image was not confirmed. Furthermore, the hypotheses regarding the influence of tourist motivation on satisfaction and loyalty were rejected. Furthermore, the impact of tourist experience on loyalty was not supported. However, the other research hypotheses were confirmed. Based on these results, the study provides actionable recommendations to enhance tourist experiences and promote loyalty in coastal destinations.

https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_9282_996fc9c5636c5eee7995174a33408288.pdf

University of Guilan Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal 2783-1191 6 4 2025 11 22 Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Mangrove Habitat Quality Changes and Key Threats (Case Study: Khorkhorān, Hormozgan Province) Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Mangrove Habitat Quality Changes and Key Threats (Case Study: Khorkhorān, Hormozgan Province) 79 99 9298 10.22124/gscaj.2025.30665.1359 FA Mohamad Kazemi Associate Professor, Hormoz Studies and Research Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran. Atefeh Jafarpoor Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Youssef Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Hormoz Studies and Research Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Iran. Journal Article 2025 05 22 Mangrove forests, as vital coastal ecosystems, play a key role in biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and supporting the livelihoods of local communities. This study investigated concerning trends in habitat quality changes and identified key influencing factors, providing insights into the spatial displacement of high- and low-quality habitat clusters of Avicennia marina (mangrove) within the protected area of Khorkhorān, Hormozgan Province. To assess habitat quality, the study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Spatial clustering patterns were analyzed using Global Moran’s I index, and changes in the extent of hot and cold spots (in hectares) as well as boundary shifts of these clusters between 2019 and 2024 were quantified. Additionally, Pearson correlation, t-test, and Wilcoxon test were employed to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on mangrove habitat quality and its temporal variation. All environmental data were sourced from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results revealed a statistically significant clustering pattern in the spatial distribution of habitat quality. A notable decrease in ecological integrity and an increase in random tree dispersion were observed, with patch sizes expanding from 16.93 hectares in 2019 to 31.55 hectares in 2024. Over the six-year period, the boundary of dense mangrove zones retreated an average of 100 meters toward the central areas of the habitat. Furthermore, the area of highly dense mangrove zones decreased by 134.6 hectares, while cold spots (areas with low habitat quality) expanded by 326.24 hectares. Among the environmental drivers, freshwater scarcity in the soil had the most significant impact on habitat quality, with correlation coefficients of 0.6 in 2019 and 0.8 in 2024. Although the results of the t-test and Wilcoxon test did not indicate statistically significant overall changes in environmental threats, several critical variables—particularly freshwater scarcity and aerosol concentration—exhibited alarming trends that call for urgent management interventions. Mangrove forests, as vital coastal ecosystems, play a key role in biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and supporting the livelihoods of local communities. This study investigated concerning trends in habitat quality changes and identified key influencing factors, providing insights into the spatial displacement of high- and low-quality habitat clusters of Avicennia marina (mangrove) within the protected area of Khorkhorān, Hormozgan Province. To assess habitat quality, the study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model. Spatial clustering patterns were analyzed using Global Moran’s I index, and changes in the extent of hot and cold spots (in hectares) as well as boundary shifts of these clusters between 2019 and 2024 were quantified. Additionally, Pearson correlation, t-test, and Wilcoxon test were employed to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on mangrove habitat quality and its temporal variation. All environmental data were sourced from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results revealed a statistically significant clustering pattern in the spatial distribution of habitat quality. A notable decrease in ecological integrity and an increase in random tree dispersion were observed, with patch sizes expanding from 16.93 hectares in 2019 to 31.55 hectares in 2024. Over the six-year period, the boundary of dense mangrove zones retreated an average of 100 meters toward the central areas of the habitat. Furthermore, the area of highly dense mangrove zones decreased by 134.6 hectares, while cold spots (areas with low habitat quality) expanded by 326.24 hectares. Among the environmental drivers, freshwater scarcity in the soil had the most significant impact on habitat quality, with correlation coefficients of 0.6 in 2019 and 0.8 in 2024. Although the results of the t-test and Wilcoxon test did not indicate statistically significant overall changes in environmental threats, several critical variables—particularly freshwater scarcity and aerosol concentration—exhibited alarming trends that call for urgent management interventions.

https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_9298_a9ca216b8b5a19ca5bee1b42fd7099e9.pdf

University of Guilan Geographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal 2783-1191 6 4 2025 11 22 Evaluation of Geomorphological Capabilities and Constraints and Their Role in the Physical Development of the City (Case Study: The Coastal City of Bandar Abbās) Evaluation of Geomorphological Capabilities and Constraints and Their Role in the Physical Development of the City (Case Study: The Coastal City of Bandar Abbās) 101 123 9288 10.22124/gscaj.2025.28328.1319 FA Mohammad Ebrāhim Afifi Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Islamic Azad University, Larestan Branch, Larestan, Iran. Alirezā Rezāei PhD Student, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Larestan Branch, Larestan, Iran. Marzieh Moghuli Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Islamic Azad University, Larestan Branch, Larestan, Iran. Journal Article 2024 11 18 This study examined the geomorphological processes and phenomena of the city of Bandar Abbās, as well as its physical development, between 1991 and 2021. The required data were collected from various sources, including remote sensing data, and were transformed into the necessary informational layers using GIS. These layers include: earthquakes, proximity to epicenters, flooding and inundation, rockfalls, landslides, faults, land subsidence, tides, sea waves and marine storms, dust storms of external origin, wind erosion, and sea-level changes (regression and transgression). To standardize these layers for analysis, fuzzy logic theory was applied. Furthermore, in order to extract the relative importance of each layer in identifying geomorphological zones, the Fuzzy ANP was employed. After determining the relative weights of the informational layers, the layers were integrated using the SAW method. Additionally, to examine the degree of alignment between urban expansion and geomorphological suitability over recent decades, the physical growth of Bandar Abbās from 1991 to 2021 was extracted from Landsat satellite imagery. After matching with land use maps, the urban expansion trend within the specified period was analyzed using the Crosstab method. The findings indicated that the greatest urban expansion has occurred in areas with lower geomorphological suitability. This highlights the necessity for more effective management and strategic planning to guide the physical development of Bandar Abbās toward zones with favorable geomorphological conditions. This study examined the geomorphological processes and phenomena of the city of Bandar Abbās, as well as its physical development, between 1991 and 2021. The required data were collected from various sources, including remote sensing data, and were transformed into the necessary informational layers using GIS. These layers include: earthquakes, proximity to epicenters, flooding and inundation, rockfalls, landslides, faults, land subsidence, tides, sea waves and marine storms, dust storms of external origin, wind erosion, and sea-level changes (regression and transgression). To standardize these layers for analysis, fuzzy logic theory was applied. Furthermore, in order to extract the relative importance of each layer in identifying geomorphological zones, the Fuzzy ANP was employed. After determining the relative weights of the informational layers, the layers were integrated using the SAW method. Additionally, to examine the degree of alignment between urban expansion and geomorphological suitability over recent decades, the physical growth of Bandar Abbās from 1991 to 2021 was extracted from Landsat satellite imagery. After matching with land use maps, the urban expansion trend within the specified period was analyzed using the Crosstab method. The findings indicated that the greatest urban expansion has occurred in areas with lower geomorphological suitability. This highlights the necessity for more effective management and strategic planning to guide the physical development of Bandar Abbās toward zones with favorable geomorphological conditions.

https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_9288_88dc1026af0a2db593b56acec6990fda.pdf