University of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11916220250622Explaining the Geopolitics of Maritime Transit Infrastructure Capacities in Sea-Based Country ProgressExplaining the Geopolitics of Maritime Transit Infrastructure Capacities in Sea-Based Country Progress120893610.22124/gscaj.2025.22975.1194FAAbedGolkaramiAssistant Professor, Department of Geography, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.َAfshinMotaghiProfessor of Political Geography, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20221020One of the most important transit advantages of the country is the country's coastal location, which has doubled the value of its transit and has given another meaning to the country's land transit positions. On the other hand, seaport is directly related to the geopolitical position of the country and has an undeniable necessity to achieve the country's superior transit and communication position. In this regard, the development of transit in today's interconnected world is driven by a network of global logistics activities, and the existence of a competitive network of global logistics services forms the backbone of international trade. Therefore, by understanding this necessity and the importance of the role of providing maritime logistics, it is inevitable and, on this basis, it can be the basis for the country to reach the international crossroads and become a pole in transit. Realizing this important by providing the desired infrastructure is nothing but turning Iran into a transit and commercial hub in the region and the world. But the achievement and provision of this important thing requires pathology and identifying the challenges and obstacles that exist in this direction, so that possible policy and executive proposals can be made in order to improve the maritime transit infrastructure in the horizon of the development of the country's sea base.One of the most important transit advantages of the country is the country's coastal location, which has doubled the value of its transit and has given another meaning to the country's land transit positions. On the other hand, seaport is directly related to the geopolitical position of the country and has an undeniable necessity to achieve the country's superior transit and communication position. In this regard, the development of transit in today's interconnected world is driven by a network of global logistics activities, and the existence of a competitive network of global logistics services forms the backbone of international trade. Therefore, by understanding this necessity and the importance of the role of providing maritime logistics, it is inevitable and, on this basis, it can be the basis for the country to reach the international crossroads and become a pole in transit. Realizing this important by providing the desired infrastructure is nothing but turning Iran into a transit and commercial hub in the region and the world. But the achievement and provision of this important thing requires pathology and identifying the challenges and obstacles that exist in this direction, so that possible policy and executive proposals can be made in order to improve the maritime transit infrastructure in the horizon of the development of the country's sea base.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8936_592b0f70aba833de3c479e59e3b3655e.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11916220250622Investigating the effect of environmental-behavioral factors on the development of rural tourism in the post-corona era Case: Mohammadabad rural district, Ali-Abadkatol CountyInvestigating the effect of environmental-behavioral factors on the development of rural tourism in the post-corona era Case: Mohammadabad rural district, Ali-Abadkatol County2135893410.22124/gscaj.2025.24456.1235FATaqiTavousiProfessor, Department of Physical Geography, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, Zahedan, Iran.Seyedeh SamiraMirdeilamiMSc in Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.HajarMazidiPh.D. in Geography and Rural Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.MohammadaliDeilamyMaster of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University, Noor Branch, Noor, Iran.Journal Article20230506Today, tourism is one of the major sectors of the economy that has the ability to support the support of the local community in creating economic diversity with rapid growth; Today, due to the complexities of today's world, human life is constantly exposed to various crises such as natural crises, terrorism and disease. The spread of coronary heart disease (or Covid-19) has affected the tourism industry more than any other industry; The closure of foreign borders, restrictions on domestic travel, the cancellation of flights, and the closure of all accommodation and tourist destinations have all caused great damage to the tourism industry. Rural tourism is achieved by gaining memorable tourist experiences. Rural tourism has a positive effect on the cohesion of the local community and affects the interaction between the tourist and the host, and ultimately, leads to the intention of the tourist to travel again. In this type of tourism, various factors are effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental-behavioral factors on the development of rural tourism in the post-corona period in the villages of Mohammadabad district. The present research is based on the applied purpose and descriptive-analytical research method. Data collection has been done in a documentary and field manner. The statistical population of the study included 17 mountain-mountainous villages of rural tourism destination in Mohammadabad area located in Fazelabad city of Aliabadektol city. The sampling was random sampling. Have been distributed. To determine the reliability of the research instrument, 75% was calculated using Cronbach's alpha value. Descriptive and inferential analysis of factor analysis and cluster analysis in SPSS software were used to analyze the collected information, and Amos software was used to model structural equation analysis. The results showed that in the studied rural areas, both behavioral and environmental factors have appropriate characteristics and will be effective on the realization of rural tourism. Of course, the impact of the environmental factor is positive. Another point that should be noted is that the impact of the behavioral factor is negative, ie by reducing the items of the behavioral factor, the amount of tourism in the study area increases and vice versa. Therefore, paying more attention to environmental factors (especially physical-infrastructural) and using people's participation in the realization of tourism in rural areas, using them for tourism planning can improve and develop tourism in the region.Today, tourism is one of the major sectors of the economy that has the ability to support the support of the local community in creating economic diversity with rapid growth; Today, due to the complexities of today's world, human life is constantly exposed to various crises such as natural crises, terrorism and disease. The spread of coronary heart disease (or Covid-19) has affected the tourism industry more than any other industry; The closure of foreign borders, restrictions on domestic travel, the cancellation of flights, and the closure of all accommodation and tourist destinations have all caused great damage to the tourism industry. Rural tourism is achieved by gaining memorable tourist experiences. Rural tourism has a positive effect on the cohesion of the local community and affects the interaction between the tourist and the host, and ultimately, leads to the intention of the tourist to travel again. In this type of tourism, various factors are effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental-behavioral factors on the development of rural tourism in the post-corona period in the villages of Mohammadabad district. The present research is based on the applied purpose and descriptive-analytical research method. Data collection has been done in a documentary and field manner. The statistical population of the study included 17 mountain-mountainous villages of rural tourism destination in Mohammadabad area located in Fazelabad city of Aliabadektol city. The sampling was random sampling. Have been distributed. To determine the reliability of the research instrument, 75% was calculated using Cronbach's alpha value. Descriptive and inferential analysis of factor analysis and cluster analysis in SPSS software were used to analyze the collected information, and Amos software was used to model structural equation analysis. The results showed that in the studied rural areas, both behavioral and environmental factors have appropriate characteristics and will be effective on the realization of rural tourism. Of course, the impact of the environmental factor is positive. Another point that should be noted is that the impact of the behavioral factor is negative, ie by reducing the items of the behavioral factor, the amount of tourism in the study area increases and vice versa. Therefore, paying more attention to environmental factors (especially physical-infrastructural) and using people's participation in the realization of tourism in rural areas, using them for tourism planning can improve and develop tourism in the region.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8934_7122a87193d0387ecb9413d19116ae0e.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11916220250622Investigating the capacities of regional development in the framework of Knowledge-based development ecosystemInvestigating the capacities of regional development in the framework of Knowledge-based development ecosystem3758893510.22124/gscaj.2025.27336.1296FAMohammad HadiJamei TabalvandaniMaster of Regional Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.SaberMohammadpourAssociate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Guilan Rasht, Iran.HabibMahmoodi ChenariAssistant Professor, Department of regional studies, Jihad University Environmental Research Institute, Guilan, Rasht, Iran.MonireMahmoudi HolasooMaster of Regional Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Guilan Rasht, IranJournal Article20240509Over many years, economic approaches have moved from resource-based economy to knowledge-based economy. The limited capacity of resources and the expansion of technology and knowledge is one of the biggest reasons for this revolutionary change, which has caused the attention of countries to be drawn towards knowledge-based development in all fields. in these societies the level of well-being and lifestyle of the people is affected by the combination with knowledge. This causes internal synergy and repels external and international threats in a way. In the country of Iran, due to the existence of cultural, climatic and political diversity, each region is expected to promote and transfer its special knowledge and skills with the aim of developing the region, considering the characteristics of its ecosystem. Gilan province is a region that, due to special conditions, has a high-performance potential in the field of knowledge. Therefore, the current research focuses on the goal of investigating the regional development capacities of Gilan province in the framework of the ecosystem based on knowledge-based development, and by identifying these capacities and the obstacles to their application to achieve knowledge-based development, it provides solutions to solve these obstacles. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. quantitative and qualitative data in this research and collected through document review and distribution of questionnaires and interviews with experts and analyzed through qualitative content analysis and network analysis process (ANP). The findings of the research show that these capacities can be considered in the five area of institutional, economic, infrastructure, human development and innovation system. According to experts, the institutional area has the greatest capacity for the province to achieve regional development in the framework of the knowledge-based ecosystem. On the other hand, it faces the most challenges in this area. These challenges can be solved with solutions such as supporting experts and researchers, using expert managers at the macro level and planning, attracting funds for knowledge-based entrepreneurship, making knowledge-based activities easy, and pushing the province towards regional development on the basis of knowledge-based ecosystem.Over many years, economic approaches have moved from resource-based economy to knowledge-based economy. The limited capacity of resources and the expansion of technology and knowledge is one of the biggest reasons for this revolutionary change, which has caused the attention of countries to be drawn towards knowledge-based development in all fields. in these societies the level of well-being and lifestyle of the people is affected by the combination with knowledge. This causes internal synergy and repels external and international threats in a way. In the country of Iran, due to the existence of cultural, climatic and political diversity, each region is expected to promote and transfer its special knowledge and skills with the aim of developing the region, considering the characteristics of its ecosystem. Gilan province is a region that, due to special conditions, has a high-performance potential in the field of knowledge. Therefore, the current research focuses on the goal of investigating the regional development capacities of Gilan province in the framework of the ecosystem based on knowledge-based development, and by identifying these capacities and the obstacles to their application to achieve knowledge-based development, it provides solutions to solve these obstacles. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. quantitative and qualitative data in this research and collected through document review and distribution of questionnaires and interviews with experts and analyzed through qualitative content analysis and network analysis process (ANP). The findings of the research show that these capacities can be considered in the five area of institutional, economic, infrastructure, human development and innovation system. According to experts, the institutional area has the greatest capacity for the province to achieve regional development in the framework of the knowledge-based ecosystem. On the other hand, it faces the most challenges in this area. These challenges can be solved with solutions such as supporting experts and researchers, using expert managers at the macro level and planning, attracting funds for knowledge-based entrepreneurship, making knowledge-based activities easy, and pushing the province towards regional development on the basis of knowledge-based ecosystem.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8935_cc826845191f9d79ac6e361560d2f3ef.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11916220250622Perception of the Local Community in the Eastern Region of Golestān Province Regarding a Good VillagePerception of the Local Community in the Eastern Region of Golestān Province Regarding a Good Village5980893310.22124/gscaj.2025.27726.1310FAAfsanehMajidiPh. D in Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Khārazmi University, Tehran, Iran.FarhadAzizpourAssociate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Khārazmi University, Tehran, Iran.MostafaTaleshiProfessor of Geography and Rural Planning, Department of Geography, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240714A "good" village is a settlement that, according to the attitudes, ideals, norms, standards, needs, common and desired desires of the majority of its residents, is called "good". Therefore, the qualitative concept of "being good" takes place in the bed of local social experiences and awareness that live in the village environment and are closely related to the socio-geographical space of such areas. So, this research aimed to identify the characteristics (in the form of development principles) of a good rural settlement in the eastern of Golestān province (Kalāleh, Minoodasht and Gālikesh cities). The present research was epistemologically subjectivist, methodologically interpretive, and qualitative in terms of research method. The participants were villagers residing within the geographical area under study. Using purposeful sampling based on criteria such as topography, temperature, elevation, land use, distance to urban centers, accessibility (communication facilities and networks), the presence of a rural development plan ("Hādi" plan), and in consultation with local experts and specialists from the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution, 15 villages were selected. In these villages, through purposeful and theoretical sampling, theoretical saturation was reached with 87 participants. In addition to the library method, based on fieldwork, semi-structured interviews and an interview checklist containing key questions were employed to understand the local community’s perception of a "good village." Within the framework of the Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM), following the transcription of the interviews, open, axial, and selective coding were performed. Based on the analysis, 349 concepts, 81 subcategories, 29 main categories, and 13 selective categories were identified. According to the findings, from the perspective of the local community in the eastern region of Golestān Province, a "good village" is one characterized by a sustainable environment, high social capital, capacities for employment development, a thriving system of economic activity, adequate welfare and infrastructural facilities, capable local management, continuous interaction with governmental management, a physically distinctive and identifiable landscape, information technology, a spirit of advocacy, collective and convergent social behavior, strong rural-urban linkages, a participatory spirit, and a strong sense of place attachment.A "good" village is a settlement that, according to the attitudes, ideals, norms, standards, needs, common and desired desires of the majority of its residents, is called "good". Therefore, the qualitative concept of "being good" takes place in the bed of local social experiences and awareness that live in the village environment and are closely related to the socio-geographical space of such areas. So, this research aimed to identify the characteristics (in the form of development principles) of a good rural settlement in the eastern of Golestān province (Kalāleh, Minoodasht and Gālikesh cities). The present research was epistemologically subjectivist, methodologically interpretive, and qualitative in terms of research method. The participants were villagers residing within the geographical area under study. Using purposeful sampling based on criteria such as topography, temperature, elevation, land use, distance to urban centers, accessibility (communication facilities and networks), the presence of a rural development plan ("Hādi" plan), and in consultation with local experts and specialists from the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution, 15 villages were selected. In these villages, through purposeful and theoretical sampling, theoretical saturation was reached with 87 participants. In addition to the library method, based on fieldwork, semi-structured interviews and an interview checklist containing key questions were employed to understand the local community’s perception of a "good village." Within the framework of the Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM), following the transcription of the interviews, open, axial, and selective coding were performed. Based on the analysis, 349 concepts, 81 subcategories, 29 main categories, and 13 selective categories were identified. According to the findings, from the perspective of the local community in the eastern region of Golestān Province, a "good village" is one characterized by a sustainable environment, high social capital, capacities for employment development, a thriving system of economic activity, adequate welfare and infrastructural facilities, capable local management, continuous interaction with governmental management, a physically distinctive and identifiable landscape, information technology, a spirit of advocacy, collective and convergent social behavior, strong rural-urban linkages, a participatory spirit, and a strong sense of place attachment.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8933_1dafca3f1d83303115737f0685d9442c.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11916220250622Modeling and Forecasting the Risk of Forest Degradation with Geomod Model (Case study: Chālus and Nowshahr counties )Modeling and Forecasting the Risk of Forest Degradation with Geomod Model (Case study: Chālus and Nowshahr counties )81101897110.22124/gscaj.2025.28143.1314FASalehArekhiAssociate Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of , Human Sciences , Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.Journal Article20240811The aim of this research is to investigate land use changes in the past and evaluate the effectiveness of the Geomod model in modeling and predicting land use changes. Forecasting the state of forest use change for the year 2021 was done using the land use maps of 1989 and 2001 with the help of geomed model and based on logistic regression. For this purpose, the spatial variables of distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from rural areas, distance from urban areas, distance from the edge of the forest, elevation, slope, and slope direction were used as factors affecting changes in logistic regression. The Kappa coefficient obtained from the classification of 1989, 2000 and 2021 was 0.88, 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. Evaluation of logistic regression performance using two indices of Pseudo-R2 and ROC with values of 0.34 and 0.85 for the first period and 0.35 and 0.87 for the second period, respectively, showing the relative agreement of the obtained model with real changes and the appropriate ability of the model in estimating forest changes in the past 32 years. The results showed that in the period of 1989-2021, about 33,853 hectares of forest area has been reduced, and in the period of 2021-2051, the area of forests will decrease by 15,047 hectares. The results related to the simulation of the land cover map of the year 2021 showed that the Geomod model has a high ability and capability in modeling land cover changes.The aim of this research is to investigate land use changes in the past and evaluate the effectiveness of the Geomod model in modeling and predicting land use changes. Forecasting the state of forest use change for the year 2021 was done using the land use maps of 1989 and 2001 with the help of geomed model and based on logistic regression. For this purpose, the spatial variables of distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from rural areas, distance from urban areas, distance from the edge of the forest, elevation, slope, and slope direction were used as factors affecting changes in logistic regression. The Kappa coefficient obtained from the classification of 1989, 2000 and 2021 was 0.88, 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. Evaluation of logistic regression performance using two indices of Pseudo-R2 and ROC with values of 0.34 and 0.85 for the first period and 0.35 and 0.87 for the second period, respectively, showing the relative agreement of the obtained model with real changes and the appropriate ability of the model in estimating forest changes in the past 32 years. The results showed that in the period of 1989-2021, about 33,853 hectares of forest area has been reduced, and in the period of 2021-2051, the area of forests will decrease by 15,047 hectares. The results related to the simulation of the land cover map of the year 2021 showed that the Geomod model has a high ability and capability in modeling land cover changes.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8971_51f0f31a1d14ca94cb5e97a9a962f8a3.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11916220250622Monitoring Coastline Changes and Identifying Geomorphic Response Models of Barrier Islands along the Low-Lying Deltaic Coasts of Gabrik and JaginMonitoring Coastline Changes and Identifying Geomorphic Response Models of Barrier Islands along the Low-Lying Deltaic Coasts of Gabrik and Jagin103123895610.22124/gscaj.2025.29966.1348FARezaMansouriPh. D. Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistsn and Baluchestan. Zahedan. Iran.0000-0001-7396-5557AlirezaShahriariPh. D. Department of Landscape Design Engineering, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, ZAHEDAN, IRAN.Journal Article20250308Coastal barriers are ubiquitous globally and provide a vital protective role to valuable landforms, habitats and communities located to landward. Barrier islands are the first line of defense against the action of sea waves in coastal areas; therefore, assessing their sustainability is very important in integrated coastal zone planning and management. Global climate change affects this coastline through sea level rise (SLR), compounded by a decrease in sediment budgets in coastal areas. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal changes in the coastline of the barrier islands of the Gabric and Jagin deltas during 1984-2024 and identified the geomorphic response models of these islands based on the model proposed by McBride et al., (1995). In this regard, Landsat satellite imagery from the TM, ETM+ & OLI sensor series, topographic maps, and ENVI, ERDAS IMAGINE & ArcGIS software have been used. The findings showed that all eight geomorphic response models presented by McBride et al., (1995) (i.e., lateral movement, advance, retreat, in-place narrowing, landward rollover, dynamic equilibrium, breakup, and rotational instability) have formed in the study area; and the advance, retreat, lateral movement, rotational instability, and in-place narrowing models were the most common examples of geomorphic response of barrier islands in the study area. Also, the findings showed that wherever the interaction between various forces acting on the coastline from the land and the sea is manifested, barrier islands usually exhibit more than one geomorphic response model. Barrier island systems reflected various environmental changes and are now considered as a warning indicator for examining regional and global changes; therefore, it is necessary to continue monitoring the geomorphic responses of this area of the country's coasts in order to plan and manage the coastline and coastal area optimally.Coastal barriers are ubiquitous globally and provide a vital protective role to valuable landforms, habitats and communities located to landward. Barrier islands are the first line of defense against the action of sea waves in coastal areas; therefore, assessing their sustainability is very important in integrated coastal zone planning and management. Global climate change affects this coastline through sea level rise (SLR), compounded by a decrease in sediment budgets in coastal areas. This study evaluated the spatiotemporal changes in the coastline of the barrier islands of the Gabric and Jagin deltas during 1984-2024 and identified the geomorphic response models of these islands based on the model proposed by McBride et al., (1995). In this regard, Landsat satellite imagery from the TM, ETM+ & OLI sensor series, topographic maps, and ENVI, ERDAS IMAGINE & ArcGIS software have been used. The findings showed that all eight geomorphic response models presented by McBride et al., (1995) (i.e., lateral movement, advance, retreat, in-place narrowing, landward rollover, dynamic equilibrium, breakup, and rotational instability) have formed in the study area; and the advance, retreat, lateral movement, rotational instability, and in-place narrowing models were the most common examples of geomorphic response of barrier islands in the study area. Also, the findings showed that wherever the interaction between various forces acting on the coastline from the land and the sea is manifested, barrier islands usually exhibit more than one geomorphic response model. Barrier island systems reflected various environmental changes and are now considered as a warning indicator for examining regional and global changes; therefore, it is necessary to continue monitoring the geomorphic responses of this area of the country's coasts in order to plan and manage the coastline and coastal area optimally.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8956_d5b464ca5b271d7de421407f93bb75e6.pdf