University of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11915306210323Identification and Leveling the Threat of Pollution of Sensitive Coastal Areas in the East of the Strait of Hormuz (Study Area: Sirik County)Identification and Leveling the Threat of Pollution of Sensitive Coastal Areas in the East of the Strait of Hormuz (Study Area: Sirik County)116830310.22124/gscaj.2024.24883.1250FAIssaEbrāhimzādehProfessor, Geography and Regional Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran.EsmaeilZakeriminabiPh.D. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, Sistan and BaluchestanHamedMastalizadehPhD student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran.Journal Article19700101The present study aimed to identify and rank the threats of coastal pollution in a part of the eastern shores of the Strait of Hormuz, located in Sirik County. The approach governing this research was based on field visits using interviews with experts and specialists, and its theoretical framework was also based on the concept of land use planning and sustainable development. Field surveys indicated that in the studied area, five factors including tourism, shrimp farms, maritime fuel transportation, household waste, and rivers are the main threats and sources of pollution to the environment. In this research, the identified factors were analyzed and prioritized using the Analytical Hierarchy Model (AHP) after identifying the important pollution threat factors. Subsequently, the final map was prepared and extracted using the capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Overall, the research findings indicated that the created pollution has threatened a vast expanse of the coastal area of Sirik County.The present study aimed to identify and rank the threats of coastal pollution in a part of the eastern shores of the Strait of Hormuz, located in Sirik County. The approach governing this research was based on field visits using interviews with experts and specialists, and its theoretical framework was also based on the concept of land use planning and sustainable development. Field surveys indicated that in the studied area, five factors including tourism, shrimp farms, maritime fuel transportation, household waste, and rivers are the main threats and sources of pollution to the environment. In this research, the identified factors were analyzed and prioritized using the Analytical Hierarchy Model (AHP) after identifying the important pollution threat factors. Subsequently, the final map was prepared and extracted using the capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Overall, the research findings indicated that the created pollution has threatened a vast expanse of the coastal area of Sirik County.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8303_03ef9ac5d9632bb1c1d7a5c56e6b83b2.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11915320240922Analysis of Changes in the Surface of Anzali Wetland Using Spectral Indices, Random Tree Classification (RTC), and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) from 1992 to 2022Analysis of Changes in the Surface of Anzali Wetland Using Spectral Indices, Random Tree Classification (RTC), and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) from 1992 to 20221736830710.22124/gscaj.2024.24889.1251FAMehdiFeyzolahpourAssistant Professor, Department of Geography, Faculty of Human Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.Journal Article20230709The Anzali Wetland is experiencing land degradation and over-exploitation in various forms. Understanding the nature of these changes is essential for wetland management. This research aimed to utilize Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Excess Normalized Difference Built-up Index (ENDBI), Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), and Random Tree Classification (RTC) in evaluating changes in vegetation, water area, and wasteland in the period between 1992 and 2022. According to the obtained results, the NDVI index showed a sharp decrease in vegetation density. While all indicators showed humidity fluctuations in Anzali Wetland. The NDBI-ENDBI index showed a strong increasing trend in the expansion of the built-up area. Based on these changes, it was concluded that urban development has been progressing rapidly over the years in the Anzali wetland basin. Investigations showed that the maximum NDVI values decreased significantly and reached 0.67 in 1992 to 0.59 in 2022. The maximum NDWI values have also reached from 0.34 in 1992 to 0.1 in 2022. In other words, the water resource index has decreased significantly and this shows the condition of Anzali wetland. In contrast, land use methods showed that the water area has decreased from 44.17 km2 for the RTC model in 1992 to 36.6 km2 in 2022.The Anzali Wetland is experiencing land degradation and over-exploitation in various forms. Understanding the nature of these changes is essential for wetland management. This research aimed to utilize Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Excess Normalized Difference Built-up Index (ENDBI), Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), and Random Tree Classification (RTC) in evaluating changes in vegetation, water area, and wasteland in the period between 1992 and 2022. According to the obtained results, the NDVI index showed a sharp decrease in vegetation density. While all indicators showed humidity fluctuations in Anzali Wetland. The NDBI-ENDBI index showed a strong increasing trend in the expansion of the built-up area. Based on these changes, it was concluded that urban development has been progressing rapidly over the years in the Anzali wetland basin. Investigations showed that the maximum NDVI values decreased significantly and reached 0.67 in 1992 to 0.59 in 2022. The maximum NDWI values have also reached from 0.34 in 1992 to 0.1 in 2022. In other words, the water resource index has decreased significantly and this shows the condition of Anzali wetland. In contrast, land use methods showed that the water area has decreased from 44.17 km2 for the RTC model in 1992 to 36.6 km2 in 2022.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8307_42757c49d6ff2648ff6ead727399e6c4.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11915320240922The Analysis of Physical-Spatial Resilience of the Coastal Cities Against Floods (Case Study: The Deteriorated Urban Fabrics of the Coastal City of Dayyer)The Analysis of Physical-Spatial Resilience of the Coastal Cities Against Floods (Case Study: The Deteriorated Urban Fabrics of the Coastal City of Dayyer)3760830610.22124/gscaj.2024.25036.1256FAAghilGankhakiPhD student, Department of Geography and urban planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.SaeedMalekiProfessor, Department of Geography and urban planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.SaeedAmanpourAssociate Professor, Department of Geography and urban planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.SohrabGhaediAssociate Professor, Department of Geography and urban planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.Journal Article20230722The consequences of climate change are increasingly threatening cities and villages in various ways. Due to their location at the intersection of land and sea and the presence of significant human and economic resources, the coastal cities face greater threats from such hazards, especially floods. The existence of deteriorated fabrics also increases this vulnerability. This research aimed to evaluate and analyze the physical resilience of the deteriorated urban fabrics in the coastal city of Dayyer against urban floods using a descriptive-analytical approach. For data analysis, the AHP analytical model was used to weigh the criteria and assess their importance, the SAW fuzzy method was employed to evaluate the final physical resilience, and GIS software was utilized for map plotting. According to the results, among the examined criteria, "elevation above sea level" and "distance from the shoreline and waterways" are the most important ones, with weights of 0.271 and 0.227, respectively. Additionally, based on the findings of this research, the deteriorated fabrics in the coastal city of Dayyer has different levels of physical resilience. The areas in the "Bāzār," "Kheniyā," and "Arabs" neighborhoods have the lowest physical resilience, while the "Bāgh" neighborhood, due to its distance from the sea, higher elevation above sea level, and newer buildings, has shown greater physical resilience. Ultimately, based on the results, recommendations for improving the physical resilience of the deteriorated fabrics of the coastal city of Dayyer include, preventing urban expansion in low-lying and coastal areas and accelerating the renovation and reconstruction of these areas.The consequences of climate change are increasingly threatening cities and villages in various ways. Due to their location at the intersection of land and sea and the presence of significant human and economic resources, the coastal cities face greater threats from such hazards, especially floods. The existence of deteriorated fabrics also increases this vulnerability. This research aimed to evaluate and analyze the physical resilience of the deteriorated urban fabrics in the coastal city of Dayyer against urban floods using a descriptive-analytical approach. For data analysis, the AHP analytical model was used to weigh the criteria and assess their importance, the SAW fuzzy method was employed to evaluate the final physical resilience, and GIS software was utilized for map plotting. According to the results, among the examined criteria, "elevation above sea level" and "distance from the shoreline and waterways" are the most important ones, with weights of 0.271 and 0.227, respectively. Additionally, based on the findings of this research, the deteriorated fabrics in the coastal city of Dayyer has different levels of physical resilience. The areas in the "Bāzār," "Kheniyā," and "Arabs" neighborhoods have the lowest physical resilience, while the "Bāgh" neighborhood, due to its distance from the sea, higher elevation above sea level, and newer buildings, has shown greater physical resilience. Ultimately, based on the results, recommendations for improving the physical resilience of the deteriorated fabrics of the coastal city of Dayyer include, preventing urban expansion in low-lying and coastal areas and accelerating the renovation and reconstruction of these areas.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8306_281d8759fc464c78565371b1eb974355.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11915320240922Identifying Environmental Health and its Relationship with Spatial Disparities of Housing Price (Case Study: The City of Hashtpar in Guilan Province, Iran)Identifying Environmental Health and its Relationship with Spatial Disparities of Housing Price (Case Study: The City of Hashtpar in Guilan Province, Iran)6175830410.22124/gscaj.2024.25120.1258FAHabibollahFasihiAssociate Professor, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230730Evaluating the health of the environment and its detailed analysis is one of the priorities that city managers should address because it can be very effective in spatial differences in the quality of the environment and housing prices. This article aimed to investigate the status of environmental health indicators and the impact of their spatial differences on housing prices in Hashtpar, a city in Guilan province with an area of about 1,378 hectares and a population of about 55,000 people. The data was collected through observation and survey. To collect the data from 14 components of environmental health, the area was divided into 34 parcels. In each parcel, the data was collected separately. The data with the UTM coordinates of the central point entered into the geographic information system to produce zoning maps using the Kriging tool. The spatial correlation coefficient was calculated by means of TerrSet Geospatial Monitoring and Modeling System software. Findings showed that moderate weather and permanent humidity, diverse and extensive animal life, modern agriculture, eco-tourism, poor waste management, and crossing a road through the middle of the city are the sources of threats to environmental health and consequently, human health. There is a positive correlation of 0.73 between 14 environmental health components and housing price. In the central parts of the city, the components revealed a more favorable situation than the fringes of the city, and housing prices are relatively higher in this part. Enjoyment from safe drinking water, exposed to pesticides, green space, and the beauty of the space are four components with better condition. The conditions of the natural environment and weakness in urban management have caused many weaknesses in the environment's health despite many blessings. Fixing these shortcomings requires careful planning and precise implementation.Evaluating the health of the environment and its detailed analysis is one of the priorities that city managers should address because it can be very effective in spatial differences in the quality of the environment and housing prices. This article aimed to investigate the status of environmental health indicators and the impact of their spatial differences on housing prices in Hashtpar, a city in Guilan province with an area of about 1,378 hectares and a population of about 55,000 people. The data was collected through observation and survey. To collect the data from 14 components of environmental health, the area was divided into 34 parcels. In each parcel, the data was collected separately. The data with the UTM coordinates of the central point entered into the geographic information system to produce zoning maps using the Kriging tool. The spatial correlation coefficient was calculated by means of TerrSet Geospatial Monitoring and Modeling System software. Findings showed that moderate weather and permanent humidity, diverse and extensive animal life, modern agriculture, eco-tourism, poor waste management, and crossing a road through the middle of the city are the sources of threats to environmental health and consequently, human health. There is a positive correlation of 0.73 between 14 environmental health components and housing price. In the central parts of the city, the components revealed a more favorable situation than the fringes of the city, and housing prices are relatively higher in this part. Enjoyment from safe drinking water, exposed to pesticides, green space, and the beauty of the space are four components with better condition. The conditions of the natural environment and weakness in urban management have caused many weaknesses in the environment's health despite many blessings. Fixing these shortcomings requires careful planning and precise implementation.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8304_f7d9f3eaffdec89424c283ee22b2f026.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11915320240922Identifying and Prioritizing Effective Management Solutions for Banking Facilities in the Development of Makrān CoastsIdentifying and Prioritizing Effective Management Solutions for Banking Facilities in the Development of Makrān Coasts7793830210.22124/gscaj.2024.25447.1268FAMohammadShakoriradMaster of marine business management, Department of Business management, Faculty of Management and humanities, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran.AbdolazizAbtinAssistant Professor, Maritime Business Management Department, Faculty of Management and Human Sciences, Chabahar Maritime and Marine Sciences University, Chabahar, Iran.Mohammad AslamHosseinborAssistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Management and Humanities, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran.Journal Article20230910Nowadays, maritime coasts are one of the most effective and important tools for the development and growth of transit, transportation, and foreign trade. The Makrān coast in southeastern part of Iran has a very suitable location to achieve the aforementioned goals for the country. To achieve this goal, effective management of financial resources and facilities to carry out various types of projects plays a fundamental role. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the effective management strategies for banking facilities in the development of the Makrān coast. The research was applied in terms of its objective and descriptive survey in terms of method. To identify solutions, by reviewing theoretical literature and previous studies, as well as conducting preliminary interviews with several financial experts and banking specialists, three categories of strategies were identified: supervisory, participatory, and intra-organizational. To compare the strategies, a questionnaire was designed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and was distributed among 20 banking experts and investors. The strategies were pairwise compared based on three criteria: acceptance, feasibility, and comprehensiveness. The findings showed that, according to the participants, participatory strategies with a weight of 0.610, intra-organizational strategies with a weight of 0.285, and supervisory strategies with a weight of 0.106, respectively, were the most effective banking facility management strategies for the development of the Makrān coast.Nowadays, maritime coasts are one of the most effective and important tools for the development and growth of transit, transportation, and foreign trade. The Makrān coast in southeastern part of Iran has a very suitable location to achieve the aforementioned goals for the country. To achieve this goal, effective management of financial resources and facilities to carry out various types of projects plays a fundamental role. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the effective management strategies for banking facilities in the development of the Makrān coast. The research was applied in terms of its objective and descriptive survey in terms of method. To identify solutions, by reviewing theoretical literature and previous studies, as well as conducting preliminary interviews with several financial experts and banking specialists, three categories of strategies were identified: supervisory, participatory, and intra-organizational. To compare the strategies, a questionnaire was designed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and was distributed among 20 banking experts and investors. The strategies were pairwise compared based on three criteria: acceptance, feasibility, and comprehensiveness. The findings showed that, according to the participants, participatory strategies with a weight of 0.610, intra-organizational strategies with a weight of 0.285, and supervisory strategies with a weight of 0.106, respectively, were the most effective banking facility management strategies for the development of the Makrān coast.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8302_3e29d0fa6a94dba8c7a0648e8e72d69c.pdfUniversity of GuilanGeographical Studies of Coastal Areas Journal2783-11915320240922Assessment of the Degree of Agricultural Development in the Northern Provinces of IranAssessment of the Degree of Agricultural Development in the Northern Provinces of Iran95112830510.22124/gscaj.2024.27564.1304FAAlirezaShafaeieh NajjarMA in Rural Development, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.MohammadKavoosi-KalashamiAssociate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.HeydarGholizadehAssociate Professor, Department of Extension, Communication, and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.Journal Article20240608The northern provinces of Iran have a special place in the development process of the country's economy due to their geographical, climatic conditions, and potential advantages. This research aimed to determine the degree of development of the agricultural sector in the three northern provinces of Iran using 81 agricultural development indicators and the "mulTi-noRmalization mUlti-diStance aSsessmenT" (TRUST) approach. Based on the existing theoretical foundations and literature review, criteria and sub-criteria for the decision tree were selected. The TRUST model is an advanced method of multi-criteria decision-making techniques, formed by combining traditional normalization techniques with logarithmic normalization. It is being introduced for the first time in Iran with a new and reliable framework. The results showed that in the sub-sector of agronomy with a final score of -0.59 and horticulture with a final score of 0.23, Māzandarān province ranked first. In the sub-sectors of animal husbandry, mechanization, and education and infrastructure Guilān province ranked first with a final score of 0.06, 0.55, and 0.02 respectively. Golestān province has the second rank in most of the studied sub-sectors. The difference in the first ranks in each sub-sector indicated the existence of duality in the level of development among the three northern provinces. The findings of this study will help the planners in understanding the current situation of the agriculture sector in the three northern provinces and planning for the future. By studying the climatic conditions of the three northern provinces, the production cycle of the agricultural sector will proceed with the strategy of increasing the yield per unit area so that the resulting income can be spent on fair distribution in the agricultural sub-sectors.The northern provinces of Iran have a special place in the development process of the country's economy due to their geographical, climatic conditions, and potential advantages. This research aimed to determine the degree of development of the agricultural sector in the three northern provinces of Iran using 81 agricultural development indicators and the "mulTi-noRmalization mUlti-diStance aSsessmenT" (TRUST) approach. Based on the existing theoretical foundations and literature review, criteria and sub-criteria for the decision tree were selected. The TRUST model is an advanced method of multi-criteria decision-making techniques, formed by combining traditional normalization techniques with logarithmic normalization. It is being introduced for the first time in Iran with a new and reliable framework. The results showed that in the sub-sector of agronomy with a final score of -0.59 and horticulture with a final score of 0.23, Māzandarān province ranked first. In the sub-sectors of animal husbandry, mechanization, and education and infrastructure Guilān province ranked first with a final score of 0.06, 0.55, and 0.02 respectively. Golestān province has the second rank in most of the studied sub-sectors. The difference in the first ranks in each sub-sector indicated the existence of duality in the level of development among the three northern provinces. The findings of this study will help the planners in understanding the current situation of the agriculture sector in the three northern provinces and planning for the future. By studying the climatic conditions of the three northern provinces, the production cycle of the agricultural sector will proceed with the strategy of increasing the yield per unit area so that the resulting income can be spent on fair distribution in the agricultural sub-sectors.https://hgscaj.guilan.ac.ir/article_8305_94664a5628c18b48309a66a3ddbc83b5.pdf